Textbook Question
What was the purpose of the practice of variolation?
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Ch. 14 - Biomedical Applications: Vaccines, Diagnostics, Therapeutics, and Molecular Method
Norman-McKay2nd EditionMicrobiology: Basic and Clinical PrinciplesISBN: 9780137661619
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 - Introduction to Microbiology22
- Ch. 2 - Biochemistry Basics19
- Ch. 3 - Introduction to Prokaryotic Cells17
- Ch. 4 - Introduction to Eukaryotic Cells16
- Ch. 5 - Genetics25
- Ch. 6 - Viruses and Prions12
- Ch. 7 - Fundamentals of Microbial Growth20
- Ch. 8 - Microbial Metabolism16
- Ch. 9 - Principles of Infectious Disease and Epidemiology11
- Ch. 10 - Host Microbe Interactions and Pathogenesis19
- Ch. 11 - Innate Immunity24
- Ch. 12 - Adaptive Immunity22
- Ch. 13 - Immune System Disorders15
- Ch. 14 - Biomedical Applications: Vaccines, Diagnostics, Therapeutics, and Molecular Method14
- Ch. 15 - Antimicrobial Drugs18
- Ch. 16 - Respiratory System Infections16
- Ch. 17 - Skin and Eye Infections19
- Ch. 18 - Nervous System Infections12
- Ch. 19 - Digestive System Infections20
- Ch. 20 - Urinary and Reproductive System Infections10
- Ch. 21 - Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Infections15
Norman-McKay2nd EditionMicrobiology: Basic and Clinical PrinciplesISBN: 9780137661619Not the one you use?Change textbook
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Norman-McKay 2nd EditionCh. 14 - Biomedical Applications: Vaccines, Diagnostics, Therapeutics, and Molecular MethodProblem 5
Norman-McKay 2nd EditionCh. 14 - Biomedical Applications: Vaccines, Diagnostics, Therapeutics, and Molecular MethodProblem 5Chapter 14, Problem 5
A direct ELISA test is utilized as a pregnancy test because it tests for:
a. Antibodies to the fetus in urine
b. Antibodies to a pregnancy hormone in urine
c. An antigen that recognizes a pregnancy hormone in urine
d. T cells that recognize a pregnancy hormone in urine
e. The presence of a pregnancy hormone in urine
Verified step by step guidance1
Step 1: Understand what a direct ELISA test detects. A direct ELISA is designed to detect the presence of an antigen in a sample by using an antibody that binds directly to that antigen.
Step 2: Identify the target of a pregnancy test. Pregnancy tests typically detect the hormone human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), which is present in urine during pregnancy.
Step 3: Recognize that in a direct ELISA pregnancy test, the test uses antibodies that specifically bind to the hCG hormone (the antigen) in the urine sample.
Step 4: Eliminate options that mention antibodies to the fetus, antibodies to a hormone, or T cells, since the test is not detecting immune cells or antibodies but rather the hormone itself as an antigen.
Step 5: Conclude that the correct understanding is that the direct ELISA test detects the presence of the pregnancy hormone (hCG) antigen in urine.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Direct ELISA Technique
Direct ELISA is an immunoassay that detects the presence of a specific antigen in a sample by using an enzyme-linked antibody that binds directly to that antigen. It is commonly used for identifying proteins or hormones, such as the pregnancy hormone hCG, without the need for secondary antibodies.
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03:28
Direct Microscopic Cell Counts
Pregnancy Hormone (hCG)
Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is a hormone produced during pregnancy, detectable in urine and blood. Pregnancy tests rely on detecting hCG as a biomarker, since its presence indicates implantation and early pregnancy.
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01:57False Positives/Negatives
Antigen vs. Antibody Detection
In immunoassays, antigens are the target molecules being detected, while antibodies are the detection tools. Direct ELISA identifies antigens (like hCG) directly, whereas indirect ELISA detects antibodies. Understanding this distinction is key to interpreting test results.
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09:16Outcomes of Antibody Binding to Antigen
Related Practice
Textbook Question
Which of the following vaccines is most likely to be contraindicated for an immune compromised patient?
a. An mRNA vaccine
b. A whole inactivated vaccine
c. A toxoid vaccine
d. A conjugate vaccine
e. A live attenuated vaccine
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Textbook Question
How does an antibody neutralize a virus?
a. By preventing the virus from binding to a receptor protein on a host cell
b. By preventing the virus from injecting its nucleic acid into its host cell
c. By degrading the capsid
d. By inserting holes into the viral envelope
e. By preventing the virus from replicating while inside the host
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Textbook Question
If parents in the United States decline or delay vaccinations for their children because they fear the refuted claim of a link between vaccinations and autism, which of the following is a possible result?
a. A decrease in diagnosis of autism with a decrease of vaccinations
b. An increase in diagnosis of autism with an increase of vaccinations
c. An increase in the administration of subunit vaccines
d. A decrease in herd immunity
e. An increase in public demand for inactivated vaccines
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Textbook Question
What caused thousands of parents in the United States and the United Kingdom to stop vaccinating their children after 1998?
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Textbook Question
Is there a definitive scientific link between autism and vaccines? Support your response with information from the text.
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