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Introduction to Proteins definitions Flashcards

Introduction to Proteins definitions
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  • Protein
    A functionally diverse macronutrient made of long chains of amino acids, serving as a major dietary source of nitrogen.
  • Amino Acid
    A small chemical building block containing nitrogen, forming chains to create larger molecules essential for body functions.
  • Peptide Bond
    A special chemical linkage connecting amino acids in a chain, forming the backbone of larger biological molecules.
  • Macronutrient
    A nutrient required in large amounts by the body, providing energy and supporting growth and bodily functions.
  • Nitrogen
    A key element present in certain nutrients, uniquely abundant in proteins and vital for building important biological molecules.
  • Dietary Protein
    A nutrient obtained from foods such as meat, dairy, grains, and legumes, supplying essential building blocks for the body.
  • Carbohydrate
    A macronutrient preferred by the body for energy, lacking significant amounts of nitrogen compared to other nutrients.
  • Lipid
    A macronutrient serving as a primary energy source, distinct from proteins due to the absence of nitrogen.
  • Nucleotide
    A nitrogen-containing molecule derived from amino acids, serving as a building block for genetic material.
  • DNA
    A molecule composed of nucleotides, storing genetic information and requiring nitrogen-containing components for its structure.
  • RNA
    A molecule similar to DNA, constructed from nucleotides and involved in genetic processes, dependent on nitrogen sources.
  • Meat
    An animal-derived food source rich in essential building blocks, commonly contributing to dietary protein intake.
  • Legume
    A plant-based food group, including beans and lentils, recognized for providing significant amounts of dietary protein.
  • Whole Grain
    A food source containing all parts of the grain kernel, offering protein along with other nutrients.
  • Dairy
    A category of foods produced from milk, supplying protein and other nutrients important for health.