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Nutrition Basics: Carbohydrates, Fibers, and Blood Sugar Regulation

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  • Storage forms of carbohydrate in plants and animals

    Plants: store carbohydrates in starch form

    Animals: store carbohydrates in glycogen form

  • List the common disaccharides and their monosaccharide components

    Sucrose: glucose + fructose

    Lactose: glucose + galactose

    Maltose: glucose + glucose

  • Define fermentable fibers

    Fibers that are broken down by gut bacteria producing beneficial short-chain fatty acids.

  • Define soluble/viscous fibers and their role

    Fibers that dissolve in water to form gels, slowing digestion and helping regulate blood sugar and cholesterol.

  • Define insoluble fibers and their role

    Fibers that do not dissolve in water, promoting bowel regularity and preventing constipation.

  • Which organ produces insulin?

    The pancreas

  • Role of insulin in blood sugar regulation

    Insulin lowers blood glucose by promoting cellular uptake and storage of glucose.

  • Why are whole grains preferred over refined grains for health?

    Whole grains contain more fiber, vitamins, and minerals, aiding digestion and reducing chronic disease risk.