Predict the major products of the following reactions.
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Question

Predict the major products of the following reactions.

(c) nitrobenzene + fuming sulfuric acid

Accepted Answer

Hey everyone and welcome back in today's video. We are going to solve the following problem which reads identify the correct major product formed when three nitro Ben's Aldo hide reacts with fuming sulfuric acid. Now we are given four possible answers but let's just analyze what reaction looks like in general supposedly start with a Benzene ring that has no substitute prints. Whenever we treat it with fuming sulfuric acid, we're essentially adding sulfur trioxide in the presence of some Fairy Castle and you may recall that one of the hydrogen atoms is essentially replaced by the symphonic acid group. So we are forming benzene ring wet S. 0. 3 H. This is called cell phone nation. Now the main difference is that the starting material is actually three Nitro Ben's Aldo hide, we are going to draw three Nitro Ben's Aldo hide. Suppose that we add an alga hide group at position number one over here. So that would be our Aldo hide group. We can throw it out. That would be C H. O. And then because it's three Nitro Ben's Al to hide at position number three, we have our nitro group that's N. OT. Now, what we want to recall here is that of course we are replacing one of the hydrogen atoms with symphonic acid group but which hydrogen should be replaced. To get our major product. And for these purposes we have to recall whether the two substitutions are meta or para Ortho directors. Now let's analyze each of them. First of all, you know to we may remember that this is a mera director and similarly Seiko, which is an AL the high group. It's one of the carbonell groups. And you may recall that the majority of carbonell groups are also made up directors. Now let's start with our nitro group. We understand that this is a made a director. So let's identify made oppositions with respect to the nitro group. So if we look at these, this is an Ortho position with respect to nitro and this is the main opposition. So nitro group is directing over here. If we look from the other side, that would be worth a and another made opposition over here, but it's already substituted with an AL the hide. Right? So we don't worry about it. Similarly, if we choose a different color and we think about the AL to hide itself. It's again made a director. So we have Ortho with respect to Al hide Made a position over here which is the nitro group itself. But if we go in a different direction, we see that the Ortho and meta again. So both of these groups are directing the same position, There is a single position that allows us to perform that electra Philip aromatic substitution, meaning this is the hygiene that will be substituted. And according to the reaction scheme, we are going to substitute it with the cell phonic acid group. So let's see how the product looks like. As we previously said, the reaction proceeds by the addition of fuming sulfuric acid. So that's S. 03 and H. Two. So four. The reaction is reversible. That's really important to understand. And now this hydrogen is replaced with S. 03 H. So we're going to draw our final product. Our final product would have our original nitro group, the AL the high group. And then as we said, this is the main opposition with respect to each substation and both of them are made A directors. So that means we're going to add our S. 03 age group over here. So that's our final product. We may essentially label this as our found structure. And looking at the answer choices, we may notice that B is a correct choice right now, B is the correct choice. And we simply can review what we have found so far. So we first looked at the general reaction for cell phone nation and we said cell phone nation requires sulfur trioxide in the presence also very kassid. And in general we are just substituting one of the hydrogen atoms with the cell phonic asked group. However, in this case, we had two submissions already present on that benzene ring. So we have to take into account the concept of Ortho para and Mato directors because these two are made of directors, we have identified the main opposition with respect to each of them and we noticed that there is only one possibility to get our major product because the made up position for the nitro group, one of them is actually already substituted with AL to hide, so there can be no substitution at this position. So we have only one option and same thing goes for the AL to hide. One made A position is already substituted. So we only have one possibility. They are both pointing to the same made opposition. And this hygiene in that made opposition gets substituted by the symphonic acid group that said, the correct answer choice. This multiple choice question is B. However, if you have any questions, don't have states, leave your comment down below in the comment section and thank you for watching.

Predict the major products of the following reactions.
(c) nitrobenzene + fuming sulfuric acid

Key Concepts

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution (EAS)

Activating and Deactivating Groups

Ortho/Para vs. Meta Directing Effects

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