Using any alkene and any other reagents, how would you prepare the following compounds?
e.

The acid-catalyzed dehydration we learned in this chapter is reversible, as shown below.

(b) Without looking back, how do you know this mechanism is correct?

The pK_a values of the carboxylic acid groups of oxaloacetic acid are 2.22 and 3.98.

b. The amount of hydrate present in an aqueous solution of oxaloacetic acid depends on the pH of the solution: 95% at pH 0, 81% at pH 1.3, 35% at pH 3.1, 13% at pH 4.7, 6% at pH 6.7, and 6% at pH 12.7. Explain this pH dependence.

How could the following compounds be prepared using an alkene as one of the starting materials?

c.

How could the following compounds be prepared using an alkene as one of the starting materials?

e.

Which compound is hydrated more rapidly?

Propose a mechanism for the following reaction:

Answer the following questions about the mechanism for the acid-catalyzed hydration of an alkene:

a. How many transition states are there?

b. How many intermediates are there?

c. Which step in the forward direction has the smallest rate constant?

What stereoisomers are obtained from each of the following reactions?

b.