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Proteins and Amino Acids quiz #1

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  • What enzyme catalyzes the attachment of an amino acid to tRNA?
    Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase catalyzes the attachment of an amino acid to tRNA.
  • Which group is not attached to the central carbon atom in an amino acid?
    Phosphate group
  • What is involved in the formation of polypeptides from amino acids?
    It involves the formation of peptide bonds
  • Polypeptides are created during which process?
    Polypeptides are created during the process of translation.
  • What is the monomer for proteins?
    The monomer for proteins is an amino acid.
  • Which activity results from the action of hydrochloric acid on protein in the stomach?
    Hydrochloric acid denatures proteins in the stomach, making them easier to digest.
  • Which of the following is not a function of protein?
    Energy storage
  • Which part of an amino acid gives it its unique identity?
    The R group, or side chain, gives an amino acid its unique identity.
  • What does the term amino acid signify about the structure of the molecule?
    The term amino acid signifies that the molecule contains both an amino group and a carboxylic acid group.
  • What waste product is formed by the breakdown of proteins and nucleic acids?
    Urea
  • What is the term used for the building blocks of proteins?
    The building blocks of proteins are called amino acids.
  • Which part of the amino acid determines the unique properties of the 20 common amino acids?
    R group
  • How many different amino acids are found in proteins?
    There are 20 different amino acids found in proteins.
  • How many amino acids can be present in protein?
    Proteins can contain any number of amino acids, typically ranging from 50 to thousands.
  • An RNA sequence includes 15 codons. How many amino acids does this sequence encode?
    The sequence encodes 15 amino acids, as each codon specifies one amino acid.
  • Which of these might cause a protein to denature? A) High temperature B) Low pH C) High salt concentration D) All of the above
    D) All of the above
  • Which type of proteins exhibit only helices or pleated sheet structures?
    Fibrous proteins exhibit only helices or pleated sheet structures.
  • On what basis are the 20 common amino acids classified into five chemical classes?
    Polarity
  • What component of amino acid structure varies among different amino acids?
    The R group, or side chain, varies among different amino acids.
  • What type of gram staining characterizes proteobacteria in the domain Bacteria?
    They are gram-negative
  • What kind of bond is formed when two amino acids join together?
    A peptide bond is formed when two amino acids join together.
  • In which way do the structures of amino acids differ from each other?
    The structures of amino acids differ in their R groups or side chains.
  • What is the building block of protein?
    The building block of protein is an amino acid.
  • There are 20 different amino acids. What makes one amino acid different from another?
    The R group, or side chain, makes one amino acid different from another.
  • How many calories per gram of protein?
    Protein provides 4 calories per gram.
  • How many monomers of proteins are there?
    There are 20 monomers of proteins, known as amino acids.
  • What are the components of peptidoglycan?
    N-acetylglucosamine, N-acetylmuramic acid, and amino acids
  • How many amino acids do three nucleotides code for?
    Three nucleotides code for one amino acid.
  • How many calories in a gram of protein?
    There are 4 calories in a gram of protein.
  • Proteins are made of what monomer?
    Proteins are made of amino acid monomers.
  • Proteins are made up of which monomer?
    Proteins are made up of amino acid monomers.
  • Which technique is used to separate protein fragments based on size?
    Gel electrophoresis is used to separate protein fragments based on size.
  • What do all amino acids have in common?
    All amino acids have an amino group, a carboxyl group, and a central alpha carbon.
  • What human protein is now produced using the process of bacterial transformation?
    Insulin is a human protein produced using bacterial transformation.
  • What type of proteins produced by living organisms function as catalysts?
    Enzymes
  • Which substance among hair, nails, cellulose, and enzymes is not composed primarily of protein?
    Cellulose
  • What is the basic structure of an amino acid?
    The basic structure of an amino acid includes an amino group, a carboxyl group, a hydrogen atom, and an R group attached to a central alpha carbon.
  • Two amino acids are being held together. What type of bond connects them?
    A peptide bond connects two amino acids.
  • What is the function of protease enzymes?
    Break down proteins
  • Which protein would bind a signal molecule such as the chemical messenger epinephrine?
    A receptor protein would bind a signal molecule like epinephrine.