Which of the following best describes electric potential?

(III) The dipole moment, considered as a vector, points from the negative to the positive charge. The water molecule, Fig. 23–47, has a dipole moment $\overrightarrow{p}$ which can be considered as the vector sum of the two dipole moments ${\overrightarrow{p}}_1$ and ${\overrightarrow{p}}_2$ as shown. The distance between each H and the O is about 0.96 x 10^-10 m. The lines joining the center of the O atom with each H atom make an angle of 104° as shown, and the net dipole moment has been measured to be p = 6.1 x 10^-30 C m. (a) Determine the effective charge q on each H atom. (b) Determine the electric potential, far from the molecule, due to each dipole, ${\overrightarrow{p}}_1$ and ${\overrightarrow{p}}_2$, and show that they sum to

V = (1 / 4π∊₀) (p cos θ / r²),

where p is the magnitude of the net dipole moment, $\overrightarrow{p}={\overrightarrow{p}}_1+{\overrightarrow{p}}_2$, and V is the total potential due to both ${\overrightarrow{p}}_1$ and ${\overrightarrow{p}}_2$. Take V = 0 at r = ∞.

(III) The dipole moment, considered as a vector, points from the negative to the positive charge. The water molecule, Fig. 23–47, has a dipole moment $\overrightarrow{\mathbf{p}}$ which can be considered as the vector sum of the two dipole moments $\overrightarrow{\mathbf{p}}_1$ and $\overrightarrow{\mathbf{p}}_2$ as shown. The distance between each H and the O is about 0.96 x 10^-10 m. The lines joining the center of the O atom with each H atom make an angle of 104° as shown, and the net dipole moment has been measured to be p = 6.1 x 10^-30 C m. Determine the effective charge q on each H atom.

A Van de Graaff generator (Fig. 23–58) can develop a very large potential difference, even millions of volts. Electrons are pulled off the belt by the high voltage pointed electrode (positive) at A, leaving the belt positively charged. (Recall Example 23–5 where we saw that near sharp points the electric field is high and ionization can occur.) The belt carries the positive charge up inside the spherical shell where electrons from the large conducting sphere are attracted over to the pointed conductor at B, leaving the outer surface of the conducting sphere positively charged. As more charge is brought up, the sphere reaches extremely high voltage. Consider a Van de Graaff generator with a sphere of radius 0.20 m.

(b) What is the charge on the sphere for the potential found in part (a)

Two point charges qₐ and qᵦ are located on the x-axis at x=a and x=b. FIGURE EX25.36 is a graph of V, the electric potential. Draw a graph of Eₓ, the x-component of the electric field, as a function of x.

(a) What is the current in the 13-Ω heating element of a 240-V clothes dryer?

(b) How much charge passes through the element in 15 min? (Assume direct current.)

A −10.0 nC point charge and a +20.0 nC point charge are 15.0 cm apart on the x-axis. What is the electric potential at the point on the x-axis where the electric field is zero?

Engineers discover that the electric potential between two electrodes can be modeled as V(x)=V₀ln(1+x/d) , where V₀ is a constant, x is the distance from the first electrode in the direction of the second, and d is the distance between the electrodes. What is the electric field strength midway between the electrodes?

The electric potential in a region of space is V=(150x² − 200y²)V, where x and y are in meters. What are the strength and direction of the electric field at (x, y)=(2.0 m, 2.0 m)? Give the direction as an angle cw or ccw (specify which) from the positive x-axis.