Let θ be the angle that the vector A makes with the +x-axis, measured counterclockwise from that axis. Find angle θ for a vector that has these components: Ax = 2.00m, Ay = −1.00 m
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3. Vectors
Vector Composition & Decomposition
Problem 22a
Textbook Question
At t = 0, a particle starts from rest at 𝓍 = 0, y = 0 and moves in the xy plane with an acceleration . Determine the 𝓍 and y components of velocity.

1
Start by understanding the problem: The particle starts from rest at t = 0, meaning its initial velocity is zero. The acceleration vector is given as **a = (4.0 î + 3.0 ĵ) m/s²**, and we need to determine the x and y components of velocity at any time t.
Recall the kinematic equation for velocity under constant acceleration: **v = v₀ + at**, where v₀ is the initial velocity, a is the acceleration, and t is the time. Since the particle starts from rest, v₀ = 0.
Break the acceleration vector into its components: **aₓ = 4.0 m/s²** (x-component) and **aᵧ = 3.0 m/s²** (y-component).
Apply the kinematic equation separately for each component: For the x-component, **vₓ = vₓ₀ + aₓt = 0 + (4.0)t = 4.0t**. For the y-component, **vᵧ = vᵧ₀ + aᵧt = 0 + (3.0)t = 3.0t**.
Thus, the x and y components of velocity at any time t are **vₓ = 4.0t m/s** and **vᵧ = 3.0t m/s**, respectively. These equations describe how the velocity components change over time.

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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Acceleration
Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity of an object with respect to time. It is a vector quantity, meaning it has both magnitude and direction. In this problem, the particle experiences a constant acceleration given by the vector (4.0 î + 3.0 ĵ) m/s², which indicates that it accelerates in both the x and y directions.
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Velocity Components
Velocity is the speed of an object in a specified direction and is also a vector quantity. The velocity of a particle can be broken down into its components along the x and y axes. For this problem, the x and y components of velocity can be determined by integrating the acceleration components over time, starting from the initial condition of rest.
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Kinematic Equations
Kinematic equations describe the motion of objects under constant acceleration. They relate displacement, initial velocity, final velocity, acceleration, and time. In this scenario, these equations will be used to calculate the velocity components of the particle after a certain time, given its initial state and constant acceleration.
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