A 1.0-cm-tall object is 110 cm from a screen. A diverging lens with focal length -20 cm is 20 cm in front of the object. What are the focal length and distance from the screen of a second lens that will produce a well-focused, 2.0-cm-tall on the screen?
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33. Geometric Optics
Thin Lens And Lens Maker Equations
Problem 37a
Textbook Question
Marooned on a desert island and with a lot of time on your hands, you decide to disassemble your glasses to make a crude telescope with which you can scan the horizon for rescuers. Luckily you’re farsighted, and, like most people, your two eyes have different lens prescriptions. Your left eye uses a lens of power +4.5 D, and your right eye’s lens is +3.0 D. Which lens should you use for the objective and which for the eyepiece? Explain.

1
Step 1: Understand the purpose of the telescope. A telescope consists of two lenses: the objective lens, which gathers light from distant objects and forms an image, and the eyepiece lens, which magnifies that image for viewing.
Step 2: Recall the properties of lens power. Lens power (measured in diopters, D) is the reciprocal of the focal length (in meters). A lens with a higher power has a shorter focal length, while a lens with a lower power has a longer focal length. The focal length is given by \( f = \frac{1}{P} \), where \( P \) is the lens power.
Step 3: Determine the roles of the lenses in the telescope. The objective lens should have a longer focal length to gather light from distant objects, while the eyepiece lens should have a shorter focal length to magnify the image.
Step 4: Compare the powers of the two lenses. The left eye's lens has a power of +4.5 D, corresponding to a shorter focal length, while the right eye's lens has a power of +3.0 D, corresponding to a longer focal length.
Step 5: Assign the lenses to their roles. Use the right eye's lens (+3.0 D) as the objective lens because it has a longer focal length, and use the left eye's lens (+4.5 D) as the eyepiece because it has a shorter focal length, which is better for magnification.

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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Lens Power and Focal Length
The power of a lens, measured in diopters (D), is the reciprocal of its focal length in meters. A positive power indicates a converging lens, which brings light rays together. In this scenario, the left eye's lens has a higher power (+4.5 D) than the right eye's lens (+3.0 D), meaning it has a shorter focal length and is more suitable for focusing light from distant objects.
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Telescope Configuration
A telescope typically consists of two lenses: the objective lens, which gathers light and forms an image, and the eyepiece lens, which magnifies that image for viewing. For optimal performance, the objective lens should have a longer focal length than the eyepiece lens. In this case, the lens with +4.5 D should be used as the objective, while the +3.0 D lens serves as the eyepiece.
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Magnification in Telescopes
The magnification of a telescope is determined by the ratio of the focal lengths of the objective lens to the eyepiece lens. This relationship allows the telescope to enlarge the image formed by the objective lens. By using the +4.5 D lens as the objective and the +3.0 D lens as the eyepiece, the system will provide a suitable magnification for viewing distant objects, enhancing the chances of spotting rescuers.
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