The long cylindrical capacitor shown in Fig. 24–37 consists of four concentric cylinders, with respective radii Ra, Rb, Rc and Rd. The cylinders b and c are joined by metal strips. Determine the capacitance per unit length of this arrangement. (Assume equal and opposite charges are placed on the innermost and outermost cylinders.)
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26. Capacitors & Dielectrics
Capacitors & Capacitance
Problem 61b
Textbook Question
Two identical capacitors are connected in parallel and each acquires a charge Q0 when connected to a source of voltage V0. The voltage source is disconnected and then a dielectric (K = 3.6) is inserted to fill the space between the plates of one of the capacitors. Determine the voltage now across each capacitor.

1
First, recall that for a capacitor, the relationship between charge (Q), capacitance (C), and voltage (V) is given by the formula: . Initially, both capacitors are identical, so their capacitance is the same, and they are connected in parallel. The total charge is distributed equally between the two capacitors, and the voltage across each is .
When the dielectric (with dielectric constant ) is inserted into one of the capacitors, its capacitance increases. The new capacitance of this capacitor becomes , while the other capacitor's capacitance remains unchanged.
Since the voltage source is disconnected, the total charge remains conserved. The total charge is now redistributed between the two capacitors, and the voltage across both capacitors must be the same because they are still connected in parallel.
Let the new voltage across both capacitors be . The total charge can be expressed as the sum of the charges on the two capacitors: . Simplify this equation to solve for .
Finally, calculate the voltage across each capacitor using the relationship derived in the previous step. The voltage across both capacitors will be the same, and the charge on each capacitor can be determined using for the capacitor without the dielectric and for the capacitor with the dielectric.

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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Capacitance
Capacitance is the ability of a capacitor to store charge per unit voltage, defined as C = Q/V, where C is capacitance, Q is the charge stored, and V is the voltage across the capacitor. In parallel configurations, the total capacitance is the sum of individual capacitances, allowing each capacitor to maintain the same voltage across its plates when connected to a voltage source.
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Dielectric Material
A dielectric material is an insulating substance that, when placed between the plates of a capacitor, increases its capacitance by a factor known as the dielectric constant (K). The presence of a dielectric reduces the electric field within the capacitor, allowing it to store more charge at the same voltage, which is crucial for understanding how the voltage changes when a dielectric is introduced.
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Intro To Dielectrics
Voltage in Capacitors
The voltage across a capacitor is directly related to the charge stored and the capacitance, expressed as V = Q/C. When a dielectric is inserted into one of the capacitors after it has been charged, the capacitance of that capacitor increases, leading to a decrease in the voltage across it, while the other capacitor remains unchanged, illustrating the principles of charge conservation and the effect of dielectrics on capacitor behavior.
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