Q: Avogadro’s number $$N_A is $$defined as the number of basic particles per mole of a substance. What is its value?

$$N_A = 6.02 \times 10$$^{23}$$ \text{ mol}^{-1}$$

Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the atomic model of matter as used to explain the three phases: solid, liquid, and gas?

Accepted Answer

Atoms are modeled as simple spheres whose arrangement and motion determine the phase.

Question 2

Avogadro’s number $$N_A is $$defined as the number of basic particles per mole of a substance. What is its value?

Accepted Answer

$$N_A = 6.02 	imes 10$$^{23}$$ 	ext{ mol}^{-1}$$

Question 3

A sealed, rigid container of gas is heated from $$100^\circ	ext{C} to$$ $$200^\circ	ext{C}. By $$what factor does the pressure increase?

Accepted Answer

1.3

Question 4

Which equation correctly relates the pressure, volume, and temperature of an ideal gas with $$N$$ molecules?

Accepted Answer

$$pV = Nk_B T$$

Question 5

On a $$pV$$ diagram, how is a constant-volume process represented?

Accepted Answer

As a vertical line

Question 6

A car tire has a gauge pressure of 30.0 psi at $$0^\circ	ext{C}. $$After heating to $$30^\circ	ext{C}$$, what is the new gauge pressure? (Atmospheric pressure is 14.7 psi.)

Accepted Answer

34.9 psi

Question 7

Which process is characterized by a constant temperature and appears as a hyperbola on a $$pV$$ diagram?

Accepted Answer

Isothermal process

Question 8

During a constant-pressure expansion, what is the work done by the gas?

Accepted Answer

$$W = p \Delta V$$

Question 9

Which statement about adiabatic processes is correct?

Accepted Answer

No heat is transferred ($$Q = 0)$$

Question 10

A steel bridge is 180 m long at $$0^\circ	ext{C}. If $$the temperature rises to $$30^\circ	ext{C}$$, how much does its length increase? (Coefficient of linear expansion $$\alpha = 12 	imes 10$$^{-6}$$ 	ext{ K}^{-1})$$

Accepted Answer

$$\Delta L = 0.065 	ext{ m}$$

Question 11

Which equation gives the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a mass $$M of a $$substance with specific heat $$c by$$ $$\Delta T$$?

Accepted Answer

$$Q = Mc \Delta T$$

Question 12

A 70 kg student’s body temperature increases from $$37.0^\circ	ext{C} to$$ $$39.0^\circ	ext{C}. If $$the specific heat of the body is $$3400 	ext{ J/kg-K}$$, how much energy is required?

Accepted Answer

$$4.8 	imes 10^5$ 	ext{ J}$$

Question 13

Which of the following correctly describes the heat required to melt a mass $$M of $$ice at $$0^\circ	ext{C}$$?

Accepted Answer

$$Q = ML_f$$

Question 14

In calorimetry, two systems are brought into thermal contact and reach equilibrium. Which equation expresses conservation of energy for the heat exchanged?

Accepted Answer

$$Q_1$$ + $$Q_2 = 0$

Question 15

For a monatomic ideal gas, what is the change in thermal energy when the temperature changes by $$\Delta T$$ for $$n$$ moles?

Accepted Answer

$$\Delta E_{th} = \frac{3}{2} nR \Delta T$$

Question 16

A weather balloon contains 180 mol of helium at $$0^\circ	ext{C}$$ and is heated to $$30^\circ	ext{C} at $$constant pressure. If the molar specific heat at constant pressure is $$20.8 	ext{ J/mol-K}$$, how much work is done by the gas?

Accepted Answer

$$45 	ext{ kJ}$$

Question 17

Which mechanism of heat transfer can occur through empty space?

Accepted Answer

Radiation

Question 18

The rate of heat transfer by conduction through a material of cross-sectional area $$A$$ and length $$L is $$given by:

Accepted Answer

$$Q = \frac{kA \Delta T}{L}$$

Question 19

Which equation gives the rate of heat transfer by radiation from a surface of area $$A$$ and emissivity $$e at $$temperature $$T$$?

Accepted Answer

$$Q = e \sigma A T^4$

Thermal Properties of Matter and Ideal Gas Processes: Lecture 21 Study Notes

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