Multiple Choice
Hard work is a necessary component of a positive attitude because _______.
75
views
9. Emotion and Motivation
Theories of Emotion
Multiple Choice
According to Vroom's expectancy theory, which of the following best describes how motivation is determined?
A
Motivation is based on the unconscious drives and conflicts within the individual.
B
Motivation is a direct result of external rewards and punishments, without consideration of personal expectations.
C
Motivation is solely determined by physiological arousal and the subsequent interpretation of that arousal.
D
Motivation is the result of an individual's expectation that effort will lead to performance and that performance will lead to desired outcomes.
Verified step by step guidance1
Step 1: Understand that Vroom's Expectancy Theory focuses on motivation as a cognitive process where individuals make conscious choices based on expected outcomes.
Step 2: Identify the three key components of the theory: Expectancy (belief that effort leads to performance), Instrumentality (belief that performance leads to outcomes), and Valence (value placed on the outcomes).
Step 3: Recognize that motivation is calculated by combining these components, often expressed as: \(Motivation = Expectancy \times Instrumentality \times Valence\).
Step 4: Analyze how an individual's motivation increases when they believe their effort will improve performance, and that this performance will result in valued rewards.
Step 5: Conclude that motivation according to Vroom is not about unconscious drives, external rewards alone, or physiological arousal, but about the individual's expectations linking effort, performance, and outcomes.
Related Videos
Related Practice
