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Behaviorism quiz #3 Flashcards

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Behaviorism quiz #3
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  • What are the three types of behavioral triggers?
    The three types of behavioral triggers are antecedents, behaviors, and consequences.
  • What is the use of reinforcement theory to change human behavior called?
    The use of reinforcement theory to change human behavior is called behavior modification.
  • How does a consequence affect a person's behavior?
    A consequence affects a person's behavior by increasing or decreasing the likelihood that the behavior will occur again.
  • Why did early behaviorists believe psychology should focus on observable behavior rather than thoughts or emotions?
    They believed observable behavior could be scientifically measured and studied, unlike thoughts or emotions. This focus aimed to make psychology more respected as a science.
  • What was Ivan Pavlov originally studying when he discovered classical conditioning?
    Pavlov was studying digestion and salivation in dogs. His observations led to the discovery of classical conditioning.
  • How did Pavlov demonstrate the concept of classical conditioning with dogs?
    He paired the sound of a bell with the arrival of food, causing dogs to eventually salivate at the bell alone. This showed that a neutral stimulus could elicit a learned response.
  • What major contribution did John B. Watson make to the field of behaviorism?
    Watson applied classical conditioning principles to human behavior and established behaviorism as a formal field. He emphasized the importance of studying observable actions.
  • How did B.F. Skinner expand upon earlier behaviorist theories?
    Skinner introduced operant conditioning, focusing on how rewards and punishments modify behavior. He emphasized that people can act on their environment, not just react to stimuli.
  • During which decades did behaviorism dominate the field of psychology in the United States?
    Behaviorism dominated from the 1920s through the 1950s. It was especially influential during this period.
  • What was the main research question for behaviorists regarding stimuli and reinforcement?
    They sought to understand how stimuli and reinforcement shape behavior. This involved studying the relationships between environmental events and observable responses.
  • What features of human behavior are emphasized in behaviorism for control and measurement?
    Behaviorism emphasizes observable behaviors, specifically those that can be measured and controlled through stimulus-response relationships and reinforcement.
  • Which psychologist was most interested in studying learned behavior in humans?
    John B. Watson was most interested in studying learned behavior in humans, applying principles of classical conditioning to human behavior.
  • What did J. B. Watson and B. F. Skinner believe about the focus of psychological study?
    J. B. Watson and B. F. Skinner believed that psychology should focus on observable behavior rather than internal mental processes, emphasizing the scientific study of behavior through stimulus-response and reinforcement.
  • Who are the main psychologists associated with behaviorism?
    The main psychologists associated with behaviorism are Ivan Pavlov, John B. Watson, and B. F. Skinner.
  • How did Watson explain human behavior according to behaviorist principles?
    Watson explained human behavior using the principles of classical conditioning, focusing on observable stimulus-response relationships.
  • According to behaviorism, all behavior has what underlying principle?
    According to behaviorism, all behavior has a stimulus-response relationship and can be shaped by reinforcement.
  • Which psychologist established behaviorism as a formal field and applied classical conditioning to humans?
    John B. Watson established behaviorism as a formal field and applied classical conditioning principles to human behavior.