A researcher wants to study the effects of sleep deprivation on motor skills. Eighteen people volunteer for the experiment: Jake, Arya, Xavier, Nyla, Shaniece, Chen, Juan, Hana, Nia, Ansel, Liam, Bruno, Mei, Zoey, Kayla, Liam, Sofia, and Kai. Use a random number generator to choose nine subjects for the treatment group. The other nine subjects will go into the control group. List the subjects in each group. Tell which method you used to generate the random numbers.
Table of contents
- 1. Intro to Stats and Collecting Data55m
- 2. Describing Data with Tables and Graphs1h 55m
- 3. Describing Data Numerically1h 45m
- 4. Probability2h 16m
- 5. Binomial Distribution & Discrete Random Variables2h 33m
- 6. Normal Distribution and Continuous Random Variables1h 38m
- 7. Sampling Distributions & Confidence Intervals: Mean1h 53m
- 8. Sampling Distributions & Confidence Intervals: Proportion1h 12m
- 9. Hypothesis Testing for One Sample2h 19m
- 10. Hypothesis Testing for Two Samples3h 22m
- 11. Correlation1h 6m
- 12. Regression1h 4m
- 13. Chi-Square Tests & Goodness of Fit1h 20m
- 14. ANOVA1h 0m
1. Intro to Stats and Collecting Data
Sampling Methods
Problem 1.1.18
Textbook Question
Determine whether the data set is a population or a sample. Explain your reasoning.
The amount spent by every tenth person cashing out at a store

1
Step 1: Understand the definitions of population and sample. A population refers to the entire group of individuals or items that you want to study, while a sample is a subset of the population selected for analysis.
Step 2: Analyze the description of the data set. The problem states that the data is collected from 'every tenth person cashing out at a store.' This indicates that not all individuals cashing out at the store are included in the data set.
Step 3: Recognize that selecting 'every tenth person' is a sampling method. This approach is known as systematic sampling, where individuals are chosen at regular intervals from the population.
Step 4: Conclude that the data set represents a sample, not a population, because it does not include all individuals cashing out at the store but rather a subset of them.
Step 5: Explain the reasoning. The data set is a sample because it is derived from a systematic selection process (every tenth person), which is a subset of the larger population of all people cashing out at the store.

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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Population
A population refers to the entire group of individuals or items that share a common characteristic. In statistics, it encompasses all possible observations that could be made. For example, if we consider all customers who cash out at a store, that entire group constitutes the population.
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Sample
A sample is a subset of a population, selected to represent the larger group. It is used in statistical analysis to draw conclusions about the population without needing to collect data from every individual. In the context of the question, the amount spent by every tenth person is a sample of the total customer population.
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Sampling Method
The sampling method refers to the technique used to select individuals from a population to form a sample. Different methods, such as random sampling or systematic sampling, can influence the representativeness of the sample. In this case, selecting every tenth person is an example of systematic sampling, which can help ensure that the sample reflects the population's characteristics.
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