For each of the following data sets, decide which has the higher standard deviation (set 1 or set 2), if any, without doing any computation. Explain the rationale behind your choice. Then, verify your choice by computing the standard deviation by hand.
Table of contents
- 1. Intro to Stats and Collecting Data1h 14m
- 2. Describing Data with Tables and Graphs1h 55m
- 3. Describing Data Numerically2h 5m
- 4. Probability2h 16m
- 5. Binomial Distribution & Discrete Random Variables3h 6m
- 6. Normal Distribution and Continuous Random Variables2h 11m
- 7. Sampling Distributions & Confidence Intervals: Mean3h 23m
- Sampling Distribution of the Sample Mean and Central Limit Theorem19m
- Distribution of Sample Mean - Excel23m
- Introduction to Confidence Intervals15m
- Confidence Intervals for Population Mean1h 18m
- Determining the Minimum Sample Size Required12m
- Finding Probabilities and T Critical Values - Excel28m
- Confidence Intervals for Population Means - Excel25m
- 8. Sampling Distributions & Confidence Intervals: Proportion1h 25m
- 9. Hypothesis Testing for One Sample3h 57m
- 10. Hypothesis Testing for Two Samples4h 50m
- Two Proportions1h 13m
- Two Proportions Hypothesis Test - Excel28m
- Two Means - Unknown, Unequal Variance1h 3m
- Two Means - Unknown Variances Hypothesis Test - Excel12m
- Two Means - Unknown, Equal Variance15m
- Two Means - Unknown, Equal Variances Hypothesis Test - Excel9m
- Two Means - Known Variance12m
- Two Means - Sigma Known Hypothesis Test - Excel21m
- Two Means - Matched Pairs (Dependent Samples)42m
- Matched Pairs Hypothesis Test - Excel12m
- 11. Correlation1h 24m
- 12. Regression1h 50m
- 13. Chi-Square Tests & Goodness of Fit2h 21m
- 14. ANOVA1h 57m
3. Describing Data Numerically
Standard Deviation
Problem 3.2.32a
Textbook Question
"The Empirical Rule SAT Math scores have a bell-shaped distribution with a mean of 515 and a standard deviation of 114.
Source: College Board
a. What percentage of SAT scores is between 401 and 629?"
Verified step by step guidance1
Identify the mean (\( \mu \)) and standard deviation (\( \sigma \)) of the SAT Math scores. Here, \( \mu = 515 \) and \( \sigma = 114 \).
Calculate how many standard deviations away from the mean the values 401 and 629 are by using the z-score formula:
\[ z = \frac{X - \mu}{\sigma} \]
where \( X \) is the value of interest.
Compute the z-scores for 401 and 629:
\[ z_{401} = \frac{401 - 515}{114} \]
\[ z_{629} = \frac{629 - 515}{114} \]
Use the Empirical Rule (68-95-99.7 rule) which states that approximately 68% of data falls within 1 standard deviation, 95% within 2 standard deviations, and 99.7% within 3 standard deviations of the mean. Determine where the z-scores fall relative to these intervals.
Based on the z-scores and the Empirical Rule, estimate the percentage of SAT scores that lie between 401 and 629 by identifying the corresponding percentage range between those z-scores.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Empirical Rule
The Empirical Rule states that for a bell-shaped (normal) distribution, about 68% of data falls within one standard deviation of the mean, 95% within two, and 99.7% within three. This rule helps estimate the percentage of values within a certain range without exact calculations.
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Mean and Standard Deviation
The mean is the average value of a data set, representing its center, while the standard deviation measures the spread or variability around the mean. In a normal distribution, these parameters define the shape and scale of the data.
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Interpreting Data Ranges in Normal Distributions
To find the percentage of data between two values in a normal distribution, determine how many standard deviations each value is from the mean, then use the Empirical Rule or standard normal tables to estimate the proportion of data within that range.
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