Identifying the Nature of a Hypothesis Test In Exercises 37–42, state and in words and in symbols. Then determine whether the hypothesis test is left-tailed, right-tailed, or two-tailed. Explain your reasoning. Sketch a normal sampling distribution and shade the area for the P-value.


Lung Cancer A report claims that lung cancer accounts for 25% of all cancer diagnoses.

Stating the Null and Alternative Hypotheses In Exercises 25–30, write the claim as a mathematical statement. State the null and alternative hypotheses, and identify which represents the claim.

College Debt According to a recent survey, 14% of adults currently carry student loan debt.

Identifying Type I and Type II Errors In Exercises 31–36, describe type I and type II errors for a hypothesis test of the indicated claim.

Security A campus security department publicizes that at most 25% of applicants become campus security officers.

Identifying Type I and Type II Errors In Exercises 31–36, describe type I and type II errors for a hypothesis test of the indicated claim.

Phone Repairs A cell phone repair shop advertises that the mean cost of repairing a phone screen is less than $120.

Identifying the Nature of a Hypothesis Test In Exercises 37–42, state and in words and in symbols. Then determine whether the hypothesis test is left-tailed, right-tailed, or two-tailed. Explain your reasoning. Sketch a normal sampling distribution and shade the area for the P-value.

Golf A golf analyst claims that the standard deviation of the 18-hole scores for a golfer is less than 2.1 strokes.

Identifying the Nature of a Hypothesis Test In Exercises 37–42, state and in words and in symbols. Then determine whether the hypothesis test is left-tailed, right-tailed, or two-tailed. Explain your reasoning. Sketch a normal sampling distribution and shade the area for the P-value.

Survey A polling organization reports that the number of responses to a survey mailed to 100,000 U.S. residents is not 100,000.

Identifying the Nature of a Hypothesis Test In Exercises 37–42, state and in words and in symbols. Then determine whether the hypothesis test is left-tailed, right-tailed, or two-tailed. Explain your reasoning. Sketch a normal sampling distribution and shade the area for the P-value.

High School Graduation Rate A high school claims that its mean graduation rate is more than 97%.

Interpreting a Decision In Exercises 43–48, determine whether the claim represents the null hypothesis or the alternative hypothesis. If a hypothesis test is performed, how should you interpret a decision that

a. rejects the null hypothesis?

Gas Mileage An automotive manufacturer claims that the standard deviation for the gas mileage of one of the vehicles it manufactures is 3.9 miles per gallon.

Interpreting a Decision In Exercises 43–48, determine whether the claim represents the null hypothesis or the alternative hypothesis. If a hypothesis test is performed, how should you interpret a decision that

b. fails to reject the null hypothesis?

Gas Mileage An automotive manufacturer claims that the standard deviation for the gas mileage of one of the vehicles it manufactures is 3.9 miles per gallon.