The mean of a random sample of 18 test scores is x_bar. The standard deviation of the population of all test scores is sigma= 6. Under what condition can you use a z-test to decide whether to reject a claim that the population mean is mu=88?
Table of contents
- 1. Intro to Stats and Collecting Data55m
- 2. Describing Data with Tables and Graphs1h 55m
- 3. Describing Data Numerically1h 45m
- 4. Probability2h 16m
- 5. Binomial Distribution & Discrete Random Variables2h 33m
- 6. Normal Distribution and Continuous Random Variables1h 38m
- 7. Sampling Distributions & Confidence Intervals: Mean1h 53m
- 8. Sampling Distributions & Confidence Intervals: Proportion1h 12m
- 9. Hypothesis Testing for One Sample2h 19m
- 10. Hypothesis Testing for Two Samples3h 26m
- 11. Correlation1h 6m
- 12. Regression1h 35m
- 13. Chi-Square Tests & Goodness of Fit1h 57m
- 14. ANOVA1h 0m
9. Hypothesis Testing for One Sample
Steps in Hypothesis Testing
Problem 7.2.8
Textbook Question
Interpreting a P-Value In Exercises 3–8, the P-value for a hypothesis test is shown. Use the P-value to decide whether to reject H0 when the level of significance is (a)α=0.01, (b) α=0.05 , and (c) α=0.10.
P = 0.0062

1
Step 1: Understand the problem. The P-value is a measure of the strength of evidence against the null hypothesis (H0). A smaller P-value indicates stronger evidence to reject H0. The decision to reject H0 depends on comparing the P-value to the significance level (α).
Step 2: Recall the decision rule. If the P-value is less than the significance level (α), reject the null hypothesis (H0). Otherwise, fail to reject H0.
Step 3: Compare the P-value (P = 0.0062) to the significance level α = 0.01. If P < α, reject H0; otherwise, fail to reject H0.
Step 4: Compare the P-value (P = 0.0062) to the significance level α = 0.05. If P < α, reject H0; otherwise, fail to reject H0.
Step 5: Compare the P-value (P = 0.0062) to the significance level α = 0.10. If P < α, reject H0; otherwise, fail to reject H0.

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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
P-Value
The P-value is a statistical measure that helps determine the significance of results in hypothesis testing. It represents the probability of obtaining results at least as extreme as the observed results, assuming that the null hypothesis (H0) is true. A smaller P-value indicates stronger evidence against H0, suggesting that the null hypothesis may be rejected.
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Step 3: Get P-Value
Null Hypothesis (H0)
The null hypothesis (H0) is a statement that there is no effect or no difference, and it serves as the default assumption in hypothesis testing. Researchers aim to gather evidence to either reject or fail to reject H0 based on the data collected. Understanding H0 is crucial for interpreting the results of a hypothesis test and the associated P-value.
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Step 1: Write Hypotheses
Level of Significance (α)
The level of significance (α) is a threshold set by the researcher before conducting a hypothesis test, which determines the criteria for rejecting the null hypothesis. Common values for α are 0.01, 0.05, and 0.10. If the P-value is less than or equal to α, the null hypothesis is rejected, indicating that the results are statistically significant.
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