Estimating r For each of the following, estimate the value of the linear correlation coefficient r for the given paired data obtained from 50 randomly selected adults.


a. Their heights are measured in inches and those same heights are recorded in centimeters .

In Exercises 15 and 16, construct the frequency polygons.

Chicago Commute Times Use the frequency distribution from Exercise 13 in Section 2-1 to construct a frequency polygon. Does the graph suggest that the distribution is skewed? If so, how?

In Exercises 17–20, identify how the graph is deceptive.

Cost of Giving Birth According to the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, the typical cost of a C-section baby delivery is \$4500, and the typical cost of a vaginal delivery is \$2600. See the following illustration.

V and Digital Ads Listed below are amounts (billions of dollars) spent on TV and digital advertising. The amounts are listed in order by year ending with the year 2022. The last few years are projected amounts (based on data from Magna Global). Construct a graph that reveals the story that the data are trying to tell. What story does the graph depict?

TV Ads:

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Causation A study has shown that there is a correlation between body weight and blood pressure. Higher body weights are associated with higher blood pressure levels. Can we conclude that gaining weight is a cause of increased blood pressure?

Estimating r For each of the following, estimate the value of the linear correlation coefficient r for the given paired data obtained from 50 randomly selected adults.

c. Their pulse rates are measured and their IQ scores are measured .

Estimating r For each of the following, estimate the value of the linear correlation coefficient r for the given paired data obtained from 50 randomly selected adults.

d. The 50 adults all drove cars from Jacksonville, Florida, to Richmond, Virginia. Their average (mean) speeds are recorded along with the times it took to complete that trip.

Seatbelts The Beams Seatbelts company manufactures—well, you know. When a sample of seatbelts is tested for breaking point (measured in kilograms), the sample data are explored. Identify the important characteristic of data that is missing from this list: center, distribution, outliers, changing characteristics over time.

Body Temperatures Listed below are the temperatures from nine males measured at 8 AM and again at 12 AM (from Data Set 5 “Body Temperatures” in Appendix B). Construct a scatterplot. Based on the graph, does there appear to be a relationship between 8 AM temperatures and 12 AM temperatures?