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Two Means - Unknown, Equal Variances Hypothesis Test - Excel definitions

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  • Pooled t test
    Statistical method comparing two population means under equal variance assumption, using sample data to assess evidence for mean differences.
  • Null hypothesis
    Initial claim stating two population means are equal, serving as the baseline for statistical testing.
  • Alternative hypothesis
    Competing claim suggesting two population means differ, tested against the null using sample evidence.
  • Variance
    Measure of data spread within a population, assumed equal for both groups in pooled t test scenarios.
  • Standard deviation
    Quantifies average distance of data points from the mean, used to describe population variability.
  • Alpha
    Threshold probability for significance, commonly set at 0.05, guiding decision to reject or retain the null hypothesis.
  • P value
    Probability indicating strength of evidence against the null hypothesis, calculated from sample data.
  • T.TEST function
    Excel tool for hypothesis testing, producing p values based on input datasets and test type selection.
  • Two tailed test
    Statistical test evaluating whether means are unequal in either direction, used when alternative hypothesis is not equal.
  • Type input
    Parameter in Excel’s T.TEST function specifying test variant; value of 2 triggers pooled t test.
  • Significance level
    Criterion for determining statistical evidence, set by alpha, guiding hypothesis test conclusions.
  • Random sample
    Subset of data selected without bias, ensuring representative results for hypothesis testing.
  • Conclusion
    Final statement summarizing hypothesis test outcome, based on comparison of p value and alpha.
  • Mean
    Average value of a dataset, central to comparing groups in hypothesis testing.