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Two Means - Unknown Variances Hypothesis Test - Excel definitions

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  • Hypothesis Test
    A statistical procedure used to assess claims about population parameters based on sample data.
  • Null Hypothesis
    A statement asserting no difference or effect, serving as the default assumption in statistical testing.
  • Alternative Hypothesis
    A claim suggesting a difference or effect, representing what evidence is sought for in a test.
  • Population Mean
    The average value of a variable across all members of a population.
  • Significance Level
    A threshold probability, often denoted as alpha, used to determine whether to reject the null hypothesis.
  • P-value
    A calculated probability indicating the strength of evidence against the null hypothesis.
  • T.TEST Function
    An Excel tool that computes the p-value for comparing two data sets, streamlining hypothesis testing.
  • Data Array
    A collection of values representing sample observations for statistical analysis.
  • Tail
    A region of a probability distribution used to define the directionality of a hypothesis test.
  • Two-tailed Test
    A test considering deviations in both directions from the hypothesized value.
  • One-tailed Test
    A test focusing on deviations in a single direction from the hypothesized value.
  • Type
    An input in Excel's t-test specifying the test variant, such as regular, paired, or pooled.
  • Paired Test
    A special t-test variant comparing matched or related samples.
  • Pooled Test
    A t-test variant assuming equal variances across groups for combined analysis.
  • Conclusion
    A final statement summarizing the outcome of a hypothesis test based on p-value and significance level.