Glomerular hydrostatic pressure _____ filtration; colloid osmotic pressure and capsular hydrostatic pressure_____ filtration.
a. Favors; favor
b. Opposes; oppose
c. Favors; oppose
d. Opposes; favor

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

d. Filtrate flows from the renal corpuscle to the distal tubule, the nephron loop, the proximal tubule, and into the collecting system.

Describe the structure of the filtration membrane.

Which of the following substances would pass through the filtration membrane to become part of the filtrate under normal circumstances? (Circle all that apply.)

a. Sodium ions

b. Albumin

c. Glucose

d. Erythrocytes

e. Leukocytes

f. Amino acids

g. Urea

Which of the following is false about the GFR?

a. The GFR averages about 120 ml/min

b. The GFR increases when the afferent arteriole dilates

c. The GFR decreases when the efferent arteriole constricts

d. The GFR decreases when the afferent arteriole constricts

The route by which substances are reabsorbed by crossing through the cells of the renal tubule and collecting system is known as the:

a. Paracellular route

b. Transcellular route

c. Primary active transport route

d. Facultative route

Predict the effects the following scenarios would have on glomerular filtration:

a. Having excess proteins in the blood, increasing colloid osmotic pressure

Predict the effects the following scenarios would have on glomerular filtration:

b. Having low arterial blood pressure (hypotension)

Why is urinalysis a routine part of any good physical examination?