Predict the effects the following scenarios would have on glomerular filtration:
b. Having low arterial blood pressure (hypotension)

Which of the following is false about the GFR?

a. The GFR averages about 120 ml/min

b. The GFR increases when the afferent arteriole dilates

c. The GFR decreases when the efferent arteriole constricts

d. The GFR decreases when the afferent arteriole constricts

Glomerular hydrostatic pressure _____ filtration; colloid osmotic pressure and capsular hydrostatic pressure_____ filtration.

a. Favors; favor

b. Opposes; oppose

c. Favors; oppose

d. Opposes; favor

The route by which substances are reabsorbed by crossing through the cells of the renal tubule and collecting system is known as the:

a. Paracellular route

b. Transcellular route

c. Primary active transport route

d. Facultative route

Predict the effects the following scenarios would have on glomerular filtration:

a. Having excess proteins in the blood, increasing colloid osmotic pressure

Why is urinalysis a routine part of any good physical examination?

Mr. Jessup, a 55-year-old man, is operated on for a cerebral tumor. About one month later, he complains that he is excessively thirsty and that he has been voiding almost continuously. A urine sample is collected, and its specific gravity is 1.001. What is your diagnosis of Mr. Jessup's problem, and how might it be related to his previous surgery?

Raymond is hypertensive and was recently diagnosed with impaired kidney function based on urinalysis and a blood test for creatinine. What sorts of test results would you expect, and how is hypertension related to kidney function?

A 55-year-old woman is awakened by an excruciating pain that radiates from her right abdomen to her flank on the same side. The pain is not continuous, but it recurs every 3 to 4 minutes. Diagnose this patient's problem, and cite factors that might favor its occurrence. Explain why this woman's pain comes in 'waves.'