Table of contents

1. Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology5h 43m
2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components12h 36m
3. Energy & Cell Processes10h 6m
4. Tissues & Histology10h 3m
5. Integumentary System2h 20m
6. Bones & Skeletal Tissue2h 16m
7. The Skeletal System2h 35m
8. Joints2h 17m
9. Muscle Tissue2h 33m
10. Muscles1h 11m
11. Nervous Tissue and Nervous System1h 35m
12. The Central Nervous System1h 6m
- Introduction to the Central Nervous System
  18m
- The Cerebrum
  48m
13. The Peripheral Nervous System1h 26m
14. The Autonomic Nervous System1h 38m
15. The Special Senses2h 41m
16. The Endocrine System2h 48m
17. The Blood3h 22m
18. The Heart3h 42m
19. The Blood Vessels3h 35m
20. The Lymphatic System3h 16m
21. The Immune System14h 37m
22. The Respiratory System3h 20m
23. The Digestive System2h 5m
24. Metabolism and Nutrition4h 0m
25. The Urinary System2h 39m
26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance37m
27. The Reproductive System2h 5m
28. Human Development1h 21m
29. Heredity3h 32m

2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components

Carbohydrates

Anatomy & Physiology

2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components

Carbohydrates

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1:19 minutes

Problem 7

Textbook Question

Absence of which of the following nitrogen-containing bases would prevent RNA synthesis?
a. Adenine
b. Cytosine
c. Guanine
d. Thymine
e. Uracil

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Understand the structure of RNA. RNA is a nucleic acid composed of a sugar-phosphate backbone and nitrogen-containing bases. The bases in RNA are adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and uracil (U). Unlike DNA, RNA does not contain thymine (T).

Step 2: Recall the role of nitrogen-containing bases in RNA synthesis. These bases pair with complementary bases on the DNA template during transcription. Adenine pairs with uracil, and cytosine pairs with guanine.

Step 3: Identify the bases necessary for RNA synthesis. Since RNA synthesis involves pairing with the DNA template, the absence of adenine, cytosine, guanine, or uracil would disrupt the process. Thymine is not required for RNA synthesis because it is replaced by uracil in RNA.

Step 4: Eliminate thymine as a correct answer. Thymine is a nitrogen-containing base found in DNA, not RNA, and its absence does not affect RNA synthesis.

Step 5: Conclude that adenine, cytosine, guanine, and uracil are essential for RNA synthesis. Their absence would prevent the formation of RNA strands during transcription.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

RNA Structure

RNA, or ribonucleic acid, is a nucleic acid composed of a long chain of nucleotides, each containing a nitrogenous base, a sugar, and a phosphate group. The nitrogenous bases in RNA include adenine, cytosine, guanine, and uracil. Unlike DNA, RNA does not contain thymine, which is replaced by uracil. Understanding the structure of RNA is essential for recognizing which bases are necessary for its synthesis.

Transcription Process

Transcription is the process by which RNA is synthesized from a DNA template. During transcription, RNA polymerase reads the DNA sequence and assembles a complementary RNA strand using the available nitrogenous bases. The absence of any of the required bases—adenine, cytosine, guanine, or uracil—would halt this process, preventing RNA synthesis. This highlights the importance of each base in forming a complete RNA molecule.

Nitrogenous Bases in RNA

Nitrogenous bases are critical components of nucleotides, which make up RNA and DNA. In RNA, the four bases are adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and uracil (U). Each base pairs with its complementary base during the synthesis process, and the absence of any of these bases would disrupt the formation of RNA. Understanding which bases are present in RNA is crucial for answering questions about RNA synthesis.

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A chemist, during the course of an analysis, runs across a chemical composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in the proportion 1:2:1 and having a six-sided molecular shape. It is probably:

a. A pentose

b. An amino acid

c. A fatty acid

d. A monosaccharide

e. A nucleic acid

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How many moles of aspirin, C₉H₈O₄, are in a bottle containing 450 g by weight? (Note: The approximate atomic weights of its atoms are C = 12, H = 1, and O = 16.)

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a. A steroid is to a lipid

b. A nucleotide is to a nucleic acid

c. An amino acid is to a protein

d. A polypeptide is to an amino acid

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What lipid type is stored in fat deposits beneath the skin?

a. Triglyceride

b. Steroid

c. Vitamin D

d. Phospholipid

e. Prostaglandin

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The element(s) essential for normal thyroid function is/are:

a. Iodine

b. Iron

c. Copper

d. Selenium

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Which of the following forms the basic structure of cell membranes?

Which is the basis for producing sex hormones?

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Name and provide the atomic symbols of the four elements that make up the bulk of all living matter. Which of these is found primarily in proteins and nucleic acids?

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