Table of contents

1. Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology5h 43m
2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components12h 36m
3. Energy & Cell Processes10h 6m
4. Tissues & Histology10h 3m
5. Integumentary System2h 20m
6. Bones & Skeletal Tissue2h 16m
7. The Skeletal System2h 35m
8. Joints2h 17m
9. Muscle Tissue2h 33m
10. Muscles1h 11m
11. Nervous Tissue and Nervous System1h 35m
12. The Central Nervous System1h 6m
- Introduction to the Central Nervous System
  18m
- The Cerebrum
  48m
13. The Peripheral Nervous System1h 26m
14. The Autonomic Nervous System1h 38m
15. The Special Senses2h 41m
16. The Endocrine System2h 48m
17. The Blood3h 22m
18. The Heart3h 42m
19. The Blood Vessels3h 35m
20. The Lymphatic System3h 16m
21. The Immune System14h 37m
22. The Respiratory System3h 20m
23. The Digestive System2h 5m
24. Metabolism and Nutrition4h 0m
25. The Urinary System2h 39m
26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance37m
27. The Reproductive System2h 5m
28. Human Development1h 21m
29. Heredity3h 32m

2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components

Covalent Bonds

Anatomy & Physiology

2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components

Covalent Bonds

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2:36 minutes

Problem 5

Textbook Question

In a beaker of water, the water-water bonds can properly be called:
a. Ionic bonds
b. Polar covalent bonds
c. Nonpolar covalent bonds
d. Hydrogen bonds

Verified step by step guidance

Understand the nature of water molecules: Water (H₂O) is a polar molecule, meaning it has a partial positive charge on the hydrogen atoms and a partial negative charge on the oxygen atom due to the unequal sharing of electrons in its polar covalent bonds.

Recognize the type of bond within a single water molecule: The bonds between hydrogen and oxygen within a water molecule are polar covalent bonds because electrons are shared unequally between the atoms.

Identify the type of bond between water molecules: Water molecules interact with each other through hydrogen bonds, which occur when the partially positive hydrogen atom of one water molecule is attracted to the partially negative oxygen atom of another water molecule.

Differentiate between the bond types listed in the options: Ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons between atoms, polar covalent bonds involve unequal sharing of electrons within a molecule, nonpolar covalent bonds involve equal sharing of electrons, and hydrogen bonds are weak interactions between molecules or parts of molecules.

Conclude that the correct answer is based on the interaction between water molecules, which are connected by hydrogen bonds, not ionic, polar covalent, or nonpolar covalent bonds.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Hydrogen Bonds

Hydrogen bonds are weak attractions that occur between a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to an electronegative atom and another electronegative atom. In water, these bonds form between the hydrogen of one water molecule and the oxygen of another, contributing to water's unique properties, such as its high boiling point and surface tension.

Polar Covalent Bonds

Polar covalent bonds occur when two atoms share electrons unequally due to differences in electronegativity. In water (H2O), the oxygen atom is more electronegative than the hydrogen atoms, resulting in a partial negative charge on the oxygen and partial positive charges on the hydrogens, which leads to the molecule's polar nature.

Ionic Bonds

Ionic bonds are formed through the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions, typically resulting from the transfer of electrons from one atom to another. While ionic bonds are strong, they do not occur in water-water interactions, as water molecules are held together primarily by hydrogen bonds rather than ionic interactions.