Table of contents

1. Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology5h 43m
2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components12h 36m
3. Energy & Cell Processes10h 6m
4. Tissues & Histology10h 3m
5. Integumentary System2h 20m
6. Bones & Skeletal Tissue2h 16m
7. The Skeletal System2h 35m
8. Joints2h 17m
9. Muscle Tissue2h 33m
10. Muscles1h 11m
11. Nervous Tissue and Nervous System1h 35m
12. The Central Nervous System1h 6m
- Introduction to the Central Nervous System
  18m
- The Cerebrum
  48m
13. The Peripheral Nervous System1h 26m
14. The Autonomic Nervous System1h 38m
15. The Special Senses2h 41m
16. The Endocrine System2h 48m
17. The Blood3h 22m
18. The Heart3h 42m
19. The Blood Vessels3h 35m
20. The Lymphatic System3h 16m
21. The Immune System14h 37m
22. The Respiratory System3h 20m
23. The Digestive System2h 5m
24. Metabolism and Nutrition4h 0m
25. The Urinary System2h 39m
26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance37m
27. The Reproductive System2h 5m
28. Human Development1h 21m
29. Heredity3h 32m

3. Energy & Cell Processes

Glycolysis

Anatomy & Physiology

3. Energy & Cell Processes

Glycolysis

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3:15 minutes

Problem 3

Textbook Question

In glycolysis, is oxidized and is reduced.a. NAD+ ... glucoseb. glucose ... oxygenc. ATP ... ADPd. glucose ... NAD+

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Understand the process of glycolysis, which is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose into pyruvate, releasing energy and reducing equivalents in the form of NADH.

Step 2: Identify the role of glucose in glycolysis. Glucose is the initial substrate that undergoes oxidation, losing electrons as it is converted into pyruvate.

Step 3: Recognize the role of NAD+ in glycolysis. NAD+ acts as an electron carrier and is reduced to NADH as it accepts electrons during the oxidation of glucose.

Step 4: Analyze the options given in the problem. Determine which option correctly identifies the substance that is oxidized and the substance that is reduced.

Step 5: Conclude that in glycolysis, glucose is oxidized and NAD+ is reduced, matching this understanding with the correct option from the list provided.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Glycolysis

Glycolysis is a metabolic pathway that converts glucose into pyruvate, producing a small amount of ATP and NADH in the process. It occurs in the cytoplasm of cells and is the first step in cellular respiration. Understanding glycolysis is essential for identifying which substances are oxidized and reduced during the reaction.

Oxidation and Reduction

Oxidation refers to the loss of electrons or an increase in oxidation state by a molecule, while reduction is the gain of electrons or a decrease in oxidation state. In glycolysis, glucose is oxidized to form pyruvate, and NAD+ is reduced to NADH. Recognizing these processes is crucial for answering questions about the electron transfer in metabolic pathways.

NAD+ and NADH

NAD+ (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is a coenzyme that acts as an electron carrier in various metabolic reactions, including glycolysis. When NAD+ accepts electrons during glycolysis, it is reduced to NADH. This conversion is vital for energy production, as NADH can later be used in the electron transport chain to generate ATP.