Table of contents

1. Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology5h 43m
2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components12h 36m
3. Energy & Cell Processes10h 6m
4. Tissues & Histology10h 3m
5. Integumentary System2h 20m
6. Bones & Skeletal Tissue2h 16m
7. The Skeletal System2h 35m
8. Joints2h 17m
9. Muscle Tissue2h 33m
10. Muscles1h 11m
11. Nervous Tissue and Nervous System1h 35m
12. The Central Nervous System1h 6m
- Introduction to the Central Nervous System
  18m
- The Cerebrum
  48m
13. The Peripheral Nervous System1h 26m
14. The Autonomic Nervous System1h 38m
15. The Special Senses2h 41m
16. The Endocrine System2h 48m
17. The Blood3h 22m
18. The Heart3h 42m
19. The Blood Vessels3h 35m
20. The Lymphatic System3h 16m
21. The Immune System14h 37m
22. The Respiratory System3h 20m
23. The Digestive System2h 5m
24. Metabolism and Nutrition4h 0m
25. The Urinary System2h 39m
26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance37m
27. The Reproductive System2h 5m
28. Human Development1h 21m
29. Heredity3h 32m

3. Energy & Cell Processes

Glycolysis

Anatomy & Physiology

3. Energy & Cell Processes

Glycolysis

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Multiple Choice

There is no production of carbon dioxide in glycolysis. Which of the following is the best explanation for this fact?

There are no oxidation or reduction reactions in glycolysis to produce CO₂.

There is very little ATP produced in glycolysis.

The initial steps of glycolysis require an input of energy in the form of ATP (two per glucose).

Glucose contains more carbons than the number of carbons found in the pyruvate products that are produced by glycolysis.

The products of glycolysis contain the same total number of carbon atoms as in the starting material.

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Verified step by step guidance

Understand the process of glycolysis: Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose (a 6-carbon molecule) into two molecules of pyruvate (each a 3-carbon molecule). This process occurs in the cytoplasm of cells and does not involve the mitochondria.

Identify the carbon balance: In glycolysis, one molecule of glucose (C6H12O6) is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate (C3H4O3). The total number of carbon atoms remains the same before and after the process, as 6 carbons in glucose are converted into 2 sets of 3 carbons in pyruvate.

Recognize the role of oxidation and reduction: Glycolysis involves oxidation-reduction reactions, but these do not result in the release of carbon dioxide. Instead, electrons are transferred to NAD+, forming NADH, which is used in later stages of cellular respiration.

Clarify the role of ATP: While ATP is both consumed and produced during glycolysis, the production of ATP is not directly related to the release of carbon dioxide. The ATP produced is a result of substrate-level phosphorylation.

Conclude with the explanation: Since the number of carbon atoms in the products (pyruvate) is equal to the number of carbon atoms in the reactant (glucose), no carbon dioxide is released during glycolysis. This is why the correct explanation is that the products of glycolysis contain the same total number of carbon atoms as in the starting material.