Table of contents

1. Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology5h 43m
2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components12h 36m
3. Energy & Cell Processes10h 6m
4. Tissues & Histology10h 3m
5. Integumentary System2h 20m
6. Bones & Skeletal Tissue2h 16m
7. The Skeletal System2h 35m
8. Joints2h 17m
9. Muscle Tissue2h 33m
10. Muscles1h 11m
11. Nervous Tissue and Nervous System1h 35m
12. The Central Nervous System1h 6m
- Introduction to the Central Nervous System
  18m
- The Cerebrum
  48m
13. The Peripheral Nervous System1h 26m
14. The Autonomic Nervous System1h 38m
15. The Special Senses2h 41m
16. The Endocrine System2h 48m
17. The Blood3h 22m
18. The Heart3h 42m
19. The Blood Vessels3h 35m
20. The Lymphatic System3h 16m
21. The Immune System14h 37m
22. The Respiratory System3h 20m
23. The Digestive System2h 5m
24. Metabolism and Nutrition4h 0m
25. The Urinary System2h 39m
26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance37m
27. The Reproductive System2h 5m
28. Human Development1h 21m
29. Heredity3h 32m

5. Integumentary System

Integumentary System: Thermoregulation

Anatomy & Physiology

5. Integumentary System

Integumentary System: Thermoregulation

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Multiple Choice

What is the result of the contraction of arrector pili muscles in the skin?

Sebaceous glands produce more oil

Blood vessels dilate to release heat

Sweat glands secrete more sweat

Hair stands upright, causing 'goosebumps'

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Verified step by step guidance

Understand the function of arrector pili muscles: These are small, smooth muscles attached to hair follicles in the dermis layer of the skin. Their contraction is involuntary and typically occurs in response to cold temperatures or emotional stimuli.

Recognize the physiological effect of arrector pili muscle contraction: When these muscles contract, they pull the hair follicle upright, causing the hair to stand on end. This phenomenon is commonly referred to as 'goosebumps.'

Clarify the purpose of this response: The upright hair traps a layer of air close to the skin, which can help insulate the body and retain heat in cold conditions. This is a vestigial reflex in humans, as it is more effective in animals with thicker fur.

Differentiate this response from other skin-related functions: The contraction of arrector pili muscles does not directly influence sebaceous gland activity, sweat gland secretion, or blood vessel dilation. These functions are regulated by other mechanisms in the skin.

Conclude with the correct answer: The contraction of arrector pili muscles results in hair standing upright, causing the appearance of 'goosebumps.' This is a visible and tactile response to stimuli such as cold or fear.