Table of contents

1. Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology5h 43m
2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components12h 36m
3. Energy & Cell Processes10h 6m
4. Tissues & Histology10h 3m
5. Integumentary System2h 20m
6. Bones & Skeletal Tissue2h 16m
7. The Skeletal System2h 35m
8. Joints2h 17m
9. Muscle Tissue2h 33m
10. Muscles1h 11m
11. Nervous Tissue and Nervous System1h 35m
12. The Central Nervous System1h 6m
- Introduction to the Central Nervous System
  18m
- The Cerebrum
  48m
13. The Peripheral Nervous System1h 26m
14. The Autonomic Nervous System1h 38m
15. The Special Senses2h 41m
16. The Endocrine System2h 48m
17. The Blood3h 22m
18. The Heart3h 42m
19. The Blood Vessels3h 35m
20. The Lymphatic System3h 16m
21. The Immune System14h 37m
22. The Respiratory System3h 20m
23. The Digestive System2h 5m
24. Metabolism and Nutrition4h 0m
25. The Urinary System2h 39m
26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance37m
27. The Reproductive System2h 5m
28. Human Development1h 21m
29. Heredity3h 32m

7. The Skeletal System

The Spine

Anatomy & Physiology

7. The Skeletal System

The Spine

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2:01 minutes

Problem 4

Textbook Question

What is the function of the intervertebral discs?

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Understand that intervertebral discs are structures located between the vertebrae in the spine, composed of two main parts: the annulus fibrosus (outer layer) and the nucleus pulposus (inner gel-like core).

Learn that the primary function of intervertebral discs is to act as shock absorbers, cushioning the forces exerted on the spine during activities such as walking, running, or lifting.

Recognize that intervertebral discs also provide flexibility to the spine, allowing for movements such as bending, twisting, and stretching.

Understand that these discs help maintain the spacing between vertebrae, preventing them from rubbing against each other and protecting the spinal nerves that exit through the intervertebral foramina.

Note that the health of intervertebral discs is crucial for overall spinal function, and conditions such as herniation or degeneration can lead to pain and reduced mobility.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Intervertebral Discs

Intervertebral discs are fibrocartilaginous structures located between the vertebrae in the spine. They consist of an outer annulus fibrosus and a gel-like nucleus pulposus, providing cushioning and support to the vertebral column.

Shock Absorption

One of the primary functions of intervertebral discs is to absorb shock during movement and weight-bearing activities. This ability helps to protect the vertebrae and spinal cord from impact and reduces the risk of injury.

Spinal Flexibility and Mobility

Intervertebral discs contribute to the flexibility and mobility of the spine. They allow for a range of movements, such as bending and twisting, while maintaining stability, which is essential for overall spinal function and posture.

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Master Spine (Vertebral Column) with a bite sized video explanation from Bruce Bryan

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Textbook Question

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

a. The thoracic and sacral curvatures are the vertebral column's concave curvatures.

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

b. A vertebral disc is composed of an inner anulus fibrosus and an outer nucleus pulposus.

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Textbook Question

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

c. The posterior projection from a vertebra is the spinous process.

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Textbook Question

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

d. The sacral, coccygeal, and cervical vertebrae are fused in an adult.

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Textbook Question

Distinguish between the anulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus regions of a disc. Which provides durability and strength? Which provides resilience? Which part is involved in a 'slipped' disc?

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Textbook Question

List at least two specific anatomical characteristics each for typical cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae that would allow anyone to identify each type correctly.

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Textbook Question

Mr. Wright had polio as a boy and was partially paralyzed in one lower limb for over a year. Although no longer paralyzed, he now has a severe lateral curvature of the lumbar spine. Explain what has happened and identify his condition.

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Textbook Question

Mrs. Dent presents to the clinic with back pain. During the exam, you notice that she has severe kyphosis, and you suspect a vertebral fracture. What specific part of her vertebra is likely to be fractured, considering her deformity? Explain.

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