Table of contents

1. Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology5h 43m
2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components12h 36m
3. Energy & Cell Processes10h 6m
4. Tissues & Histology10h 3m
5. Integumentary System2h 20m
6. Bones & Skeletal Tissue2h 16m
7. The Skeletal System2h 35m
8. Joints2h 17m
9. Muscle Tissue2h 33m
10. Muscles1h 11m
11. Nervous Tissue and Nervous System1h 35m
12. The Central Nervous System1h 6m
- Introduction to the Central Nervous System
  18m
- The Cerebrum
  48m
13. The Peripheral Nervous System1h 26m
14. The Autonomic Nervous System1h 38m
15. The Special Senses2h 41m
16. The Endocrine System2h 48m
17. The Blood3h 22m
18. The Heart3h 42m
19. The Blood Vessels3h 35m
20. The Lymphatic System3h 16m
21. The Immune System14h 37m
22. The Respiratory System3h 20m
23. The Digestive System2h 5m
24. Metabolism and Nutrition4h 0m
25. The Urinary System2h 39m
26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance37m
27. The Reproductive System2h 5m
28. Human Development1h 21m
29. Heredity3h 32m

21. The Immune System

Introduction to Innate Immunity

Anatomy & Physiology

21. The Immune System

Introduction to Innate Immunity

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Multiple Choice

Why are smokers more likely to have infections with respiratory pathogens?

Smoking increases the number of immune cells in the lungs, preventing infections.

Smoking damages cilia in the respiratory tract, impairing their ability to clear pathogens.

Smoking increases the production of mucus, which traps pathogens.

Smoking enhances the immune response, leading to increased pathogen clearance.

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Verified step by step guidance

Understand the role of cilia in the respiratory tract: Cilia are hair-like structures that line the respiratory tract and help in clearing mucus and trapped pathogens from the airways.

Recognize the impact of smoking on cilia: Smoking damages these cilia, impairing their ability to move and clear mucus effectively.

Consider the consequences of impaired cilia function: When cilia are damaged, mucus and pathogens are not cleared efficiently, leading to an increased risk of infections.

Evaluate the role of mucus production: While smoking can increase mucus production, without functional cilia, the excess mucus can become a breeding ground for pathogens.

Conclude the relationship between smoking and infections: The damage to cilia caused by smoking is a primary reason smokers are more susceptible to respiratory infections, as it hinders the natural clearance mechanism of the respiratory tract.