Table of contents

1. Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology5h 43m
2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components12h 36m
3. Energy & Cell Processes10h 6m
4. Tissues & Histology10h 3m
5. Integumentary System2h 20m
6. Bones & Skeletal Tissue2h 16m
7. The Skeletal System2h 35m
8. Joints2h 17m
9. Muscle Tissue2h 33m
10. Muscles1h 11m
11. Nervous Tissue and Nervous System1h 35m
12. The Central Nervous System1h 6m
- Introduction to the Central Nervous System
  18m
- The Cerebrum
  48m
13. The Peripheral Nervous System1h 26m
14. The Autonomic Nervous System1h 38m
15. The Special Senses2h 41m
16. The Endocrine System2h 48m
17. The Blood3h 22m
18. The Heart3h 42m
19. The Blood Vessels3h 35m
20. The Lymphatic System3h 16m
21. The Immune System14h 37m
22. The Respiratory System3h 20m
23. The Digestive System2h 5m
24. Metabolism and Nutrition4h 0m
25. The Urinary System2h 39m
26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance37m
27. The Reproductive System2h 5m
28. Human Development1h 21m
29. Heredity3h 32m

14. The Autonomic Nervous System

Introduction to the Autonomic Nervous System

Anatomy & Physiology

14. The Autonomic Nervous System

Introduction to the Autonomic Nervous System

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Multiple Choice

Which of the following adrenergic receptors increases cAMP levels?

Beta-1 adrenergic receptor

Alpha-2 adrenergic receptor

Beta-2 adrenergic receptor

Alpha-1 adrenergic receptor

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Verified step by step guidance

Understand the role of adrenergic receptors: Adrenergic receptors are a class of G protein-coupled receptors that are targets of the catecholamines, like adrenaline and noradrenaline. They are divided into alpha and beta receptors, each with subtypes that have different effects on the body.

Identify the mechanism of action: Beta adrenergic receptors generally work through the activation of adenylate cyclase, which increases the levels of cyclic AMP (cAMP) in the cell. This is a key signaling molecule that can lead to various physiological responses.

Differentiate between receptor subtypes: Beta-1 and Beta-2 adrenergic receptors both increase cAMP levels. Beta-1 receptors are primarily found in the heart and increase heart rate and force of contraction. Beta-2 receptors are found in various tissues, including the lungs, and cause smooth muscle relaxation.

Consider the effects of alpha adrenergic receptors: Alpha-1 adrenergic receptors typically work through a different pathway involving phospholipase C, leading to increased intracellular calcium levels. Alpha-2 receptors generally inhibit adenylate cyclase, reducing cAMP levels.

Conclude which receptor increases cAMP: Based on the mechanisms, Beta-1 and Beta-2 adrenergic receptors are responsible for increasing cAMP levels. Therefore, the correct answer is Beta-2 adrenergic receptor, as it is one of the options provided.