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Multiple Choice
Which of the following is controlled by the autonomic nervous system?
A
Bone growth
B
Heart rate
C
Voluntary muscle movement
D
Cognitive processing
Verified step by step guidance
1
Understand the role of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). The ANS is responsible for regulating involuntary physiological functions, including heart rate, digestion, respiratory rate, pupillary response, urination, and sexual arousal.
Identify the options given in the problem: Bone growth, Heart rate, Voluntary muscle movement, and Cognitive processing.
Analyze each option: Bone growth is primarily controlled by hormones and growth factors, not directly by the ANS. Voluntary muscle movement is controlled by the somatic nervous system, which governs conscious control of skeletal muscles. Cognitive processing involves higher brain functions and is not directly regulated by the ANS.
Focus on heart rate: The ANS directly influences heart rate through its sympathetic and parasympathetic branches. The sympathetic nervous system increases heart rate, while the parasympathetic nervous system decreases it.
Conclude that heart rate is the correct answer, as it is the only option directly controlled by the autonomic nervous system.