Textbook Question
Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.
Excess secretion of thyroid hormones produces weight gain, cold intolerance, and slow heart rate.
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16. The Endocrine System
Hormone Review Table
Problem 17
Textbook Question
What four cell populations make up the endocrine pancreas? Which hormone does each type of cell produce?
Verified step by step guidance1
Step 1: Understand the structure of the endocrine pancreas. The endocrine pancreas consists of clusters of cells called the islets of Langerhans, which are responsible for hormone production and regulation of blood glucose levels.
Step 2: Identify the four main cell populations within the islets of Langerhans. These are alpha cells, beta cells, delta cells, and PP (pancreatic polypeptide) cells.
Step 3: Determine the hormone produced by alpha cells. Alpha cells produce glucagon, a hormone that raises blood glucose levels by promoting glycogen breakdown in the liver.
Step 4: Determine the hormone produced by beta cells. Beta cells produce insulin, a hormone that lowers blood glucose levels by facilitating glucose uptake into cells and promoting glycogen synthesis.
Step 5: Determine the hormones produced by delta cells and PP cells. Delta cells produce somatostatin, which inhibits the release of other pancreatic hormones, while PP cells produce pancreatic polypeptide, which regulates pancreatic secretion and gastrointestinal function.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Endocrine Pancreas
The endocrine pancreas consists of clusters of cells known as the islets of Langerhans, which are responsible for producing hormones that regulate blood sugar levels. Unlike the exocrine pancreas, which secretes digestive enzymes, the endocrine portion releases hormones directly into the bloodstream, playing a crucial role in metabolic processes.
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Cell Populations
The four main cell types in the endocrine pancreas are alpha cells, beta cells, delta cells, and PP cells. Each of these cell populations has a specific function: alpha cells produce glucagon, beta cells produce insulin, delta cells produce somatostatin, and PP cells produce pancreatic polypeptide, all of which are vital for maintaining glucose homeostasis.
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Hormonal Regulation
Hormonal regulation refers to the mechanisms by which hormones control various physiological processes in the body. In the context of the endocrine pancreas, the hormones produced by its cell populations work together to regulate blood glucose levels, with insulin lowering blood sugar and glucagon raising it, thus maintaining energy balance and metabolic stability.
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