Table of contents

1. Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology5h 43m
2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components12h 36m
3. Energy & Cell Processes10h 6m
4. Tissues & Histology10h 3m
5. Integumentary System2h 20m
6. Bones & Skeletal Tissue2h 16m
7. The Skeletal System2h 35m
8. Joints2h 17m
9. Muscle Tissue2h 33m
10. Muscles1h 11m
11. Nervous Tissue and Nervous System1h 35m
12. The Central Nervous System1h 6m
- Introduction to the Central Nervous System
  18m
- The Cerebrum
  48m
13. The Peripheral Nervous System1h 26m
14. The Autonomic Nervous System1h 38m
15. The Special Senses2h 41m
16. The Endocrine System2h 48m
17. The Blood3h 22m
18. The Heart3h 42m
19. The Blood Vessels3h 35m
20. The Lymphatic System3h 16m
21. The Immune System14h 37m
22. The Respiratory System3h 20m
23. The Digestive System2h 5m
24. Metabolism and Nutrition4h 0m
25. The Urinary System2h 39m
26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance37m
27. The Reproductive System2h 5m
28. Human Development1h 21m
29. Heredity3h 32m

16. The Endocrine System

Hormone Review Table

Anatomy & Physiology

16. The Endocrine System

Hormone Review Table

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Problem 15

Textbook Question

The hormone that directly stimulates the hunger center is:
a. Ghrelin
b. Cholecystokinin
c. Insulin
d. Leptin

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Understand the role of the hunger center in the brain. The hunger center is located in the hypothalamus, specifically in the lateral hypothalamus, which regulates hunger and appetite.

Step 2: Review the function of each hormone listed in the options: Ghrelin, Cholecystokinin, Insulin, and Leptin. Each of these hormones plays a role in energy balance and appetite regulation.

Step 3: Focus on Ghrelin. Ghrelin is known as the 'hunger hormone' because it is secreted by the stomach when it is empty and directly stimulates the hypothalamus to increase hunger.

Step 4: Contrast Ghrelin with the other hormones. Cholecystokinin (CCK) is released by the small intestine and promotes satiety. Insulin regulates blood glucose levels and can indirectly influence hunger. Leptin is secreted by fat cells and signals the brain to reduce appetite when energy stores are sufficient.

Step 5: Conclude that the hormone which directly stimulates the hunger center is Ghrelin, based on its specific role in signaling hunger to the hypothalamus.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Ghrelin

Ghrelin is a hormone produced primarily in the stomach that plays a crucial role in regulating appetite. It is often referred to as the 'hunger hormone' because it stimulates the hunger center in the brain, signaling the body to seek food. Elevated levels of ghrelin are associated with increased appetite and food intake.

Cholecystokinin (CCK)

Cholecystokinin is a hormone released by the small intestine in response to food intake, particularly fats and proteins. It aids in digestion by stimulating the release of digestive enzymes and bile, and it also promotes a feeling of fullness, thereby reducing appetite. Unlike ghrelin, CCK acts to suppress hunger rather than stimulate it.

Leptin

Leptin is a hormone produced by adipose (fat) tissue that helps to regulate energy balance by inhibiting hunger. It signals the brain about the body's fat stores, promoting a sense of satiety when fat levels are adequate. High levels of leptin typically correlate with reduced appetite, while low levels can lead to increased hunger.

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Textbook Question

More than one choice may apply. The major endocrine organs of the body

a. Tend to be very large organs

b. Are closely connected with each other

c. All contribute to the same function (digestion)

d. Tend to lie near the midline of the body

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Textbook Question

Describe the body location of each of the following endocrine organs: anterior pituitary, pineal gland, thymus, pancreas, ovaries, testes. Then, for each organ, name its hormones and their effect(s) on body processes. Finally, for each hormone, list the important results of its hypersecretion or hyposecretion.

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Textbook Question

Name two endocrine-producing glands (or regions) that are important in the stress response, and explain why they are important.

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Textbook Question

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

Excess secretion of thyroid hormones produces weight gain, cold intolerance, and slow heart rate.

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Multiple Choice