Textbook Question
Describe two functions of countercurrent multiplication in the kidney.
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25. The Urinary System
The Kidneys
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In medical terminology, abnormal hardening of the kidney is known as:
A
Nephrolithiasis
B
Nephrosclerosis
C
Glomerulonephritis
D
Hydronephrosis
Verified step by step guidance1
Step 1: Understand the terminology components. 'Nephro-' refers to the kidney, and '-sclerosis' means hardening or stiffening of tissue.
Step 2: Analyze each option: 'Nephrolithiasis' refers to kidney stones ('lithiasis' means stone formation), so it relates to stones, not hardening.
Step 3: 'Nephrosclerosis' combines 'nephro-' (kidney) and 'sclerosis' (hardening), indicating abnormal hardening of kidney tissue.
Step 4: 'Glomerulonephritis' refers to inflammation ('-itis') of the glomeruli in the kidney, not hardening.
Step 5: 'Hydronephrosis' means swelling of the kidney due to urine buildup, not hardening. Therefore, the term describing abnormal hardening of the kidney is 'Nephrosclerosis'.
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