Multiple Choice
In medical terminology, abnormal hardening of the kidney is known as:
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25. The Urinary System
The Kidneys
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Kidney stones (renal calculi) are least likely to be composed of which of the following substances?
A
Struvite (magnesium ammonium phosphate)
B
Uric acid
C
Cholesterol
D
Calcium oxalate
Verified step by step guidance1
Step 1: Understand the composition of common kidney stones. Kidney stones are typically formed from substances that crystallize in the urine, such as calcium oxalate, uric acid, and struvite (magnesium ammonium phosphate).
Step 2: Recognize that cholesterol is a lipid molecule primarily found in cell membranes and blood, not commonly involved in crystallization within the urinary tract.
Step 3: Compare the substances listed: struvite, uric acid, and calcium oxalate are all known to form kidney stones due to their chemical properties and solubility in urine.
Step 4: Identify that cholesterol does not typically form kidney stones because it does not crystallize in the urinary environment like the other substances do.
Step 5: Conclude that among the options, cholesterol is least likely to be a component of kidney stones based on its biochemical nature and the pathophysiology of stone formation.
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