Table of contents

1. Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology5h 43m
2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components12h 36m
3. Energy & Cell Processes10h 6m
4. Tissues & Histology10h 3m
5. Integumentary System2h 20m
6. Bones & Skeletal Tissue2h 16m
7. The Skeletal System2h 35m
8. Joints2h 17m
9. Muscle Tissue2h 33m
10. Muscles1h 11m
11. Nervous Tissue and Nervous System1h 35m
12. The Central Nervous System1h 6m
- Introduction to the Central Nervous System
  18m
- The Cerebrum
  48m
13. The Peripheral Nervous System1h 26m
14. The Autonomic Nervous System1h 38m
15. The Special Senses2h 41m
16. The Endocrine System2h 48m
17. The Blood3h 22m
18. The Heart3h 42m
19. The Blood Vessels3h 35m
20. The Lymphatic System3h 16m
21. The Immune System14h 37m
22. The Respiratory System3h 20m
23. The Digestive System2h 5m
24. Metabolism and Nutrition4h 0m
25. The Urinary System2h 39m
26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance37m
27. The Reproductive System2h 5m
28. Human Development1h 21m
29. Heredity3h 32m

16. The Endocrine System

Introduction to the Endocrine System

Anatomy & Physiology

16. The Endocrine System

Introduction to the Endocrine System

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Multiple Choice

Which two hormones are primarily responsible for the regulation of blood calcium levels in the human body?

Growth hormone and prolactin

Thyroxine and cortisol

Parathyroid hormone and calcitonin

Insulin and glucagon

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Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Understand the role of calcium in the human body. Calcium is essential for various physiological processes, including muscle contraction, nerve signaling, blood clotting, and bone health. Its levels in the blood must be tightly regulated.

Step 2: Identify the hormones involved in calcium regulation. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitonin are the two primary hormones responsible for maintaining blood calcium levels. PTH increases blood calcium levels, while calcitonin decreases them.

Step 3: Explain the function of parathyroid hormone (PTH). PTH is secreted by the parathyroid glands when blood calcium levels are low. It stimulates calcium release from bones, increases calcium absorption in the intestines, and reduces calcium excretion by the kidneys.

Step 4: Explain the function of calcitonin. Calcitonin is secreted by the thyroid gland when blood calcium levels are high. It inhibits calcium release from bones and promotes calcium excretion by the kidneys, helping to lower blood calcium levels.

Step 5: Compare the roles of PTH and calcitonin. These hormones work in opposition to maintain calcium homeostasis. PTH raises blood calcium levels, while calcitonin lowers them, ensuring a balanced and stable calcium concentration in the blood.