Table of contents

1. Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology5h 43m
2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components12h 36m
3. Energy & Cell Processes10h 6m
4. Tissues & Histology10h 3m
5. Integumentary System2h 20m
6. Bones & Skeletal Tissue2h 16m
7. The Skeletal System2h 35m
8. Joints2h 17m
9. Muscle Tissue2h 33m
10. Muscles1h 11m
11. Nervous Tissue and Nervous System1h 35m
12. The Central Nervous System1h 6m
- Introduction to the Central Nervous System
  18m
- The Cerebrum
  48m
13. The Peripheral Nervous System1h 26m
14. The Autonomic Nervous System1h 38m
15. The Special Senses2h 41m
16. The Endocrine System2h 48m
17. The Blood3h 22m
18. The Heart3h 42m
19. The Blood Vessels3h 35m
20. The Lymphatic System3h 16m
21. The Immune System14h 37m
22. The Respiratory System3h 20m
23. The Digestive System2h 5m
24. Metabolism and Nutrition4h 0m
25. The Urinary System2h 39m
26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance37m
27. The Reproductive System2h 5m
28. Human Development1h 21m
29. Heredity3h 32m

14. The Autonomic Nervous System

Introduction to the Autonomic Nervous System

Anatomy & Physiology

14. The Autonomic Nervous System

Introduction to the Autonomic Nervous System

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Multiple Choice

How does the body prolong the effects of the sympathetic nervous system during shock?

By decreasing the secretion of cortisol from the adrenal cortex

By increasing parasympathetic stimulation to the heart

By inhibiting the release of acetylcholine at synapses

By releasing epinephrine and norepinephrine from the adrenal medulla

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Verified step by step guidance

Understand the role of the sympathetic nervous system: The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the 'fight or flight' response, which prepares the body to respond to stress or danger. During shock, the body needs to maintain this heightened state to ensure survival.

Identify the hormones involved: Epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline) are key hormones released by the adrenal medulla. These hormones amplify and prolong the effects of the sympathetic nervous system by increasing heart rate, blood pressure, and blood flow to essential organs.

Recognize the role of the adrenal medulla: The adrenal medulla is part of the adrenal glands, located above the kidneys. It is stimulated by the sympathetic nervous system to release epinephrine and norepinephrine into the bloodstream during stress or shock.

Eliminate incorrect options: Decreasing cortisol secretion from the adrenal cortex does not prolong sympathetic effects; cortisol is more involved in long-term stress responses. Increasing parasympathetic stimulation to the heart would counteract the sympathetic response, and inhibiting acetylcholine release at synapses is unrelated to the sympathetic nervous system's function.

Conclude the mechanism: The correct answer is that the body prolongs the effects of the sympathetic nervous system during shock by releasing epinephrine and norepinephrine from the adrenal medulla, which sustains the 'fight or flight' response.