Table of contents

1. Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology5h 43m
2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components12h 36m
3. Energy & Cell Processes10h 6m
4. Tissues & Histology10h 3m
5. Integumentary System2h 20m
6. Bones & Skeletal Tissue2h 16m
7. The Skeletal System2h 35m
8. Joints2h 17m
9. Muscle Tissue2h 33m
10. Muscles1h 11m
11. Nervous Tissue and Nervous System1h 35m
12. The Central Nervous System1h 6m
- Introduction to the Central Nervous System
  18m
- The Cerebrum
  48m
13. The Peripheral Nervous System1h 26m
14. The Autonomic Nervous System1h 38m
15. The Special Senses2h 41m
16. The Endocrine System2h 48m
17. The Blood3h 22m
18. The Heart3h 42m
19. The Blood Vessels3h 35m
20. The Lymphatic System3h 16m
21. The Immune System14h 37m
22. The Respiratory System3h 20m
23. The Digestive System2h 5m
24. Metabolism and Nutrition4h 0m
25. The Urinary System2h 39m
26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance37m
27. The Reproductive System2h 5m
28. Human Development1h 21m
29. Heredity3h 32m

17. The Blood

Erythrocytes: Hemoglobin

Anatomy & Physiology

17. The Blood

Erythrocytes: Hemoglobin

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Multiple Choice

Which of the following promotes oxygen release from hemoglobin?

Decreased temperature

Lower 2,3-Bisphosphoglycerate (2,3-BPG) concentration

Higher pH levels

Increased carbon dioxide levels

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Verified step by step guidance

Understand the Bohr effect, which describes how increased levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the blood lead to a decrease in blood pH, promoting the release of oxygen from hemoglobin.

Recognize that increased CO2 levels result in the formation of carbonic acid, which dissociates into hydrogen ions (H+) and bicarbonate ions (HCO3-), lowering the pH of the blood.

Recall that a lower pH (more acidic environment) causes hemoglobin to change its shape, reducing its affinity for oxygen and thus promoting oxygen release.

Consider the role of 2,3-Bisphosphoglycerate (2,3-BPG), which binds to hemoglobin and stabilizes the deoxygenated form, facilitating oxygen release. However, the problem specifies increased CO2 levels, not 2,3-BPG concentration.

Conclude that increased carbon dioxide levels lead to a lower pH, which enhances the release of oxygen from hemoglobin, aligning with the Bohr effect.