Table of contents

1. Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology5h 43m
2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components12h 36m
3. Energy & Cell Processes10h 6m
4. Tissues & Histology10h 3m
5. Integumentary System2h 20m
6. Bones & Skeletal Tissue2h 16m
7. The Skeletal System2h 35m
8. Joints2h 17m
9. Muscle Tissue2h 33m
10. Muscles1h 11m
11. Nervous Tissue and Nervous System1h 35m
12. The Central Nervous System1h 6m
- Introduction to the Central Nervous System
  18m
- The Cerebrum
  48m
13. The Peripheral Nervous System1h 26m
14. The Autonomic Nervous System1h 38m
15. The Special Senses2h 41m
16. The Endocrine System2h 48m
17. The Blood3h 22m
18. The Heart3h 42m
19. The Blood Vessels3h 35m
20. The Lymphatic System3h 16m
21. The Immune System14h 37m
22. The Respiratory System3h 20m
23. The Digestive System2h 5m
24. Metabolism and Nutrition4h 0m
25. The Urinary System2h 39m
26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance37m
27. The Reproductive System2h 5m
28. Human Development1h 21m
29. Heredity3h 32m

2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components

Introduction to the Cytoskeleton

Anatomy & Physiology

2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components

Introduction to the Cytoskeleton

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3:04 minutes

Problem 4

Textbook Question

How does the hydrolysis of ATP result in the movement of a motor protein along a cytoskeletal filament?

Verified step by step guidance

Identify the role of ATP in cellular processes: ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is the primary energy currency of the cell, providing energy for various cellular activities, including the movement of motor proteins.

Understand the structure of ATP: ATP consists of an adenosine molecule bonded to three phosphate groups. The bonds between these phosphate groups store potential energy.

Describe the process of ATP hydrolysis: Hydrolysis of ATP involves the enzymatic removal of the terminal phosphate group, converting ATP into ADP (adenosine diphosphate) and an inorganic phosphate (Pi), and releasing energy.

Explain how energy release facilitates motor protein movement: The energy released from ATP hydrolysis is used to induce conformational changes in the motor protein, allowing it to 'walk' along the cytoskeletal filament, such as actin or microtubules.

Connect the process to cellular function: This movement is crucial for various cellular functions, including muscle contraction, intracellular transport, and cell division, as motor proteins transport cellular components to specific locations within the cell.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

ATP Hydrolysis

ATP hydrolysis is the process by which adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is broken down into adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and inorganic phosphate (Pi). This reaction releases energy, which is crucial for various cellular processes, including muscle contraction and motor protein movement. The energy released from ATP hydrolysis is harnessed by motor proteins to perform mechanical work, such as moving along cytoskeletal filaments.

Motor Proteins

Motor proteins are specialized proteins that convert chemical energy into mechanical work, enabling movement within cells. Examples include kinesin and dynein, which transport cellular cargo along microtubules, and myosin, which interacts with actin filaments in muscle contraction. These proteins utilize the energy from ATP hydrolysis to undergo conformational changes that facilitate their movement along cytoskeletal structures.

Cytoskeletal Filaments

Cytoskeletal filaments are dynamic structures that provide support, shape, and movement to cells. They include microtubules, intermediate filaments, and actin filaments, each playing distinct roles in cellular organization and transport. Motor proteins travel along these filaments, using the energy from ATP hydrolysis to facilitate intracellular transport and contribute to cellular motility.