Table of contents

1. Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology5h 43m
2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components12h 36m
3. Energy & Cell Processes10h 6m
4. Tissues & Histology10h 3m
5. Integumentary System2h 20m
6. Bones & Skeletal Tissue2h 16m
7. The Skeletal System2h 35m
8. Joints2h 17m
9. Muscle Tissue2h 33m
10. Muscles1h 11m
11. Nervous Tissue and Nervous System1h 35m
12. The Central Nervous System1h 6m
- Introduction to the Central Nervous System
  18m
- The Cerebrum
  48m
13. The Peripheral Nervous System1h 26m
14. The Autonomic Nervous System1h 38m
15. The Special Senses2h 41m
16. The Endocrine System2h 48m
17. The Blood3h 22m
18. The Heart3h 42m
19. The Blood Vessels3h 35m
20. The Lymphatic System3h 16m
21. The Immune System14h 37m
22. The Respiratory System3h 20m
23. The Digestive System2h 5m
24. Metabolism and Nutrition4h 0m
25. The Urinary System2h 39m
26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance37m
27. The Reproductive System2h 5m
28. Human Development1h 21m
29. Heredity3h 32m

2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components

Carbohydrates

Anatomy & Physiology

2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components

Carbohydrates

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1:11 minutes

Problem 20

Textbook Question

Distinguish inorganic from organic compounds, and list the major categories of each in the body.

Verified step by step guidance

Understand the distinction between inorganic and organic compounds: Organic compounds contain carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms and are typically associated with living organisms. Inorganic compounds generally do not contain carbon-hydrogen bonds and are often simpler in structure.

Identify major categories of organic compounds in the body: These include carbohydrates (e.g., glucose), lipids (e.g., triglycerides), proteins (e.g., enzymes), and nucleic acids (e.g., DNA and RNA). These compounds are essential for energy, structure, and genetic information.

Identify major categories of inorganic compounds in the body: These include water (H₂O), salts (e.g., NaCl), acids (e.g., HCl), and bases (e.g., NaOH). These compounds are crucial for maintaining pH balance, electrolyte balance, and other physiological functions.

Explain the role of organic compounds: Organic compounds are involved in metabolic processes, energy storage, and the formation of cellular structures. For example, carbohydrates provide energy, while proteins serve as enzymes and structural components.

Explain the role of inorganic compounds: Inorganic compounds are vital for maintaining homeostasis. For instance, water is the solvent for biochemical reactions, salts regulate nerve impulses and muscle contractions, and acids/bases help maintain pH balance in the body.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Organic Compounds

Organic compounds are primarily composed of carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and other elements. They are essential for life and include molecules such as carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. In the body, these compounds play critical roles in metabolism, structure, and energy storage.

Inorganic Compounds

Inorganic compounds typically do not contain carbon-hydrogen bonds and include minerals, salts, and water. They are crucial for various physiological functions, such as maintaining pH balance, facilitating nerve impulses, and forming structural components in bones. Common inorganic compounds in the body include water, sodium chloride, and calcium phosphate.

Major Categories

The major categories of organic compounds in the body include carbohydrates (energy sources), proteins (building blocks and enzymes), lipids (fats and membranes), and nucleic acids (DNA and RNA). Inorganic compounds can be categorized into electrolytes (like sodium and potassium), minerals (such as calcium and magnesium), and gases (like oxygen and carbon dioxide), each serving vital roles in physiological processes.

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Textbook Question

The element(s) essential for normal thyroid function is/are:

a. Iodine

b. Iron

c. Copper

d. Selenium

e. Zinc

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Textbook Question

Which of the following forms the basic structure of cell membranes?

Which is the basis for producing sex hormones?

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Textbook Question

Name and provide the atomic symbols of the four elements that make up the bulk of all living matter. Which of these is found primarily in proteins and nucleic acids?

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Textbook Question

What are hydrogen bonds, and how are they important in the body?

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Textbook Question

Sarah has a lower than normal amount of body fat. She tends to be chilly except on very hot days. Lauren has a higher than normal amount of body fat and tends to feel overheated most of the time. Explain the relative sensitivity to environmental temperature of these two women on the basis of information you have been given in the Organic Compounds section of this chapter.

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Textbook Question

All organic compounds in the human body contain all of the following elements except

(a) Hydrogen

(b) Oxygen

(d) Calcium

(e) Both a and d

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Textbook Question

What four major classes of organic compounds (polymers) are found in the body?

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Textbook Question