Table of contents

1. Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology5h 43m
2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components12h 36m
3. Energy & Cell Processes10h 6m
4. Tissues & Histology10h 3m
5. Integumentary System2h 20m
6. Bones & Skeletal Tissue2h 16m
7. The Skeletal System2h 35m
8. Joints2h 17m
9. Muscle Tissue2h 33m
10. Muscles1h 11m
11. Nervous Tissue and Nervous System1h 35m
12. The Central Nervous System1h 6m
- Introduction to the Central Nervous System
  18m
- The Cerebrum
  48m
13. The Peripheral Nervous System1h 26m
14. The Autonomic Nervous System1h 38m
15. The Special Senses2h 41m
16. The Endocrine System2h 48m
17. The Blood3h 22m
18. The Heart3h 42m
19. The Blood Vessels3h 35m
20. The Lymphatic System3h 16m
21. The Immune System14h 37m
22. The Respiratory System3h 20m
23. The Digestive System2h 5m
24. Metabolism and Nutrition4h 0m
25. The Urinary System2h 39m
26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance37m
27. The Reproductive System2h 5m
28. Human Development1h 21m
29. Heredity3h 32m

1. Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology

Directional Terms: Up and Down

Anatomy & Physiology

1. Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology

Directional Terms: Up and Down

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Multiple Choice

In four-legged animals, the dorsal surface is the:

rear (tail) end

lower (belly) side

upper (back) side

front (head) end

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Verified step by step guidance

Understand the anatomical terminology: In four-legged animals, 'dorsal' refers to the upper side or back of the animal, while 'ventral' refers to the lower or belly side.

Visualize the orientation of a four-legged animal: Imagine the animal standing on all four legs. The dorsal surface is the part facing upward, which is the back, while the ventral surface faces downward, which is the belly.

Compare the options provided: The rear (tail) end is referred to as 'caudal,' the lower (belly) side is 'ventral,' the upper (back) side is 'dorsal,' and the front (head) end is 'cranial' or 'anterior.'

Identify the correct answer based on the definitions: The dorsal surface corresponds to the upper (back) side of the animal.

Conclude that the correct answer is 'upper (back) side' based on anatomical terminology and orientation in four-legged animals.