Table of contents

1. Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology5h 43m
2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components12h 36m
3. Energy & Cell Processes10h 6m
4. Tissues & Histology10h 3m
5. Integumentary System2h 20m
6. Bones & Skeletal Tissue2h 16m
7. The Skeletal System2h 35m
8. Joints2h 17m
9. Muscle Tissue2h 33m
10. Muscles1h 11m
11. Nervous Tissue and Nervous System1h 35m
12. The Central Nervous System1h 6m
- Introduction to the Central Nervous System
  18m
- The Cerebrum
  48m
13. The Peripheral Nervous System1h 26m
14. The Autonomic Nervous System1h 38m
15. The Special Senses2h 41m
16. The Endocrine System2h 48m
17. The Blood3h 22m
18. The Heart3h 42m
19. The Blood Vessels3h 35m
20. The Lymphatic System3h 16m
21. The Immune System14h 37m
22. The Respiratory System3h 20m
23. The Digestive System2h 5m
24. Metabolism and Nutrition4h 0m
25. The Urinary System2h 39m
26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance37m
27. The Reproductive System2h 5m
28. Human Development1h 21m
29. Heredity3h 32m

10. Muscles

Origin and Insertion

Anatomy & Physiology

10. Muscles

Origin and Insertion

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3:43 minutes

Problem 15

Textbook Question

What is an aponeurosis? Give two examples.

Verified step by step guidance

Understand the term 'aponeurosis': An aponeurosis is a broad, flat sheet of connective tissue that serves as a tendon to attach muscles to bones or other structures. It is composed primarily of dense regular connective tissue, which provides strength and flexibility.

Recognize the function of aponeuroses: They help distribute the force generated by muscles over a larger area, allowing for efficient movement and support in various parts of the body.

Identify examples of aponeuroses: One example is the epicranial aponeurosis (also called the galea aponeurotica), which connects the frontalis and occipitalis muscles in the scalp. Another example is the palmar aponeurosis, located in the palm of the hand, which helps anchor the skin and support hand movements.

Relate aponeuroses to their anatomical locations: The epicranial aponeurosis is found in the head, while the palmar aponeurosis is located in the hand. These structures are critical for the function of the muscles they connect.

Consider the clinical relevance: Damage or injury to an aponeurosis can impair muscle function and may require medical intervention, such as physical therapy or surgery, depending on the severity.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Definition of Aponeurosis

An aponeurosis is a type of connective tissue that serves as a flat, broad tendon, connecting muscles to the parts they move. Unlike regular tendons, which are cord-like, aponeuroses spread out over a larger area, providing a wide attachment surface for muscles. They play a crucial role in transmitting the force generated by muscles to the bones or other structures.

Function of Aponeurosis

The primary function of an aponeurosis is to facilitate movement by anchoring muscles to bones or other muscles. This allows for efficient force distribution across a larger area, which is essential for movements that require stability and strength. Aponeuroses also help protect underlying structures and contribute to the overall biomechanics of the musculoskeletal system.

Examples of Aponeurosis

Two common examples of aponeuroses are the abdominal aponeurosis, which supports the abdominal muscles and helps maintain core stability, and the palmar aponeurosis, located in the palm of the hand, which provides support to the skin and underlying structures while facilitating grip and hand movements. These examples illustrate the diverse roles aponeuroses play in the human body.

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Textbook Question

The muscles of facial expression are innervated by cranial nerve

(a) VII

(b) V

(d) VI

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a. Rectus femoris

b. Biceps femoris

c. Vastus lateralis

d. Semitendinosus

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Which of the following inserts on the arm?

a. Biceps brachii

b. Triceps brachii

c. Trapezius

d. Latissimus dorsi

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In addition to acting to flex the spine and compress the abdominal contents, the abdominal muscles are extremely important in protecting and containing the abdominal viscera. What is it about the arrangement of these muscles that makes them so well suited for their job?

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Textbook Question

Distinguish between

a. Direct and indirect muscle attachments and

b. A tendon and an aponeurosis

Explain the general relationship between the muscles that flex and extend the wrist, including their location on the body.

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