Table of contents

1. Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology5h 43m
2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components12h 36m
3. Energy & Cell Processes10h 6m
4. Tissues & Histology10h 3m
5. Integumentary System2h 20m
6. Bones & Skeletal Tissue2h 16m
7. The Skeletal System2h 35m
8. Joints2h 17m
9. Muscle Tissue2h 33m
10. Muscles1h 11m
11. Nervous Tissue and Nervous System1h 35m
12. The Central Nervous System1h 6m
- Introduction to the Central Nervous System
  18m
- The Cerebrum
  48m
13. The Peripheral Nervous System1h 26m
14. The Autonomic Nervous System1h 38m
15. The Special Senses2h 41m
16. The Endocrine System2h 48m
17. The Blood3h 22m
18. The Heart3h 42m
19. The Blood Vessels3h 35m
20. The Lymphatic System3h 16m
21. The Immune System14h 37m
22. The Respiratory System3h 20m
23. The Digestive System2h 5m
24. Metabolism and Nutrition4h 0m
25. The Urinary System2h 39m
26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance37m
27. The Reproductive System2h 5m
28. Human Development1h 21m
29. Heredity3h 32m

2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components

Osmosis

Anatomy & Physiology

2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components

Osmosis

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2:13 minutes

Problem 10

Textbook Question

Examine the experimental chamber in Figure 6.8a. Explain what would occur by osmosis if you added a 1-M solution of sodium chloride on the left side and an equal volume of a 1.5 M solution of potassium ions on the right. How might the addition of the CFTR protein to the lipid bilayer impact the direction of water movement?

Verified step by step guidance

Identify the concentration gradient: The left side has a 1 M NaCl solution, and the right side has a 1.5 M K+ solution. This creates a concentration gradient across the lipid bilayer.

Understand osmosis: Water will move from the side with lower solute concentration (left side) to the side with higher solute concentration (right side) to balance the solute concentrations.

Consider the role of CFTR protein: CFTR is a chloride channel that can facilitate the movement of Cl- ions across the membrane, potentially affecting the osmotic balance.

Predict the impact of CFTR: If CFTR is added, Cl- ions may move from the left to the right side, potentially increasing the osmotic gradient and influencing water movement.

Conclude the direction of water movement: With CFTR, water movement might be enhanced towards the right side due to increased solute concentration from Cl- ion movement.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Osmosis

Osmosis is the movement of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration. In the context of the question, adding a 1-M sodium chloride solution on one side and a 1.5 M potassium ion solution on the other creates a concentration gradient. Water will move towards the higher concentration of solutes (potassium ions) to balance the solute concentrations on both sides.

Lipid Bilayer

A lipid bilayer is a fundamental component of cell membranes, consisting of two layers of phospholipids with hydrophilic heads facing outward and hydrophobic tails facing inward. In the experimental chamber, the lipid bilayer separates the two solutions, allowing for selective permeability. This structure is crucial for understanding how substances, including water and ions, can move across the membrane during osmosis and other transport processes.

CFTR Protein

The Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) protein is a channel protein that facilitates the transport of chloride ions across epithelial cell membranes. In the context of the question, the addition of CFTR to the lipid bilayer could enhance the movement of chloride ions, potentially altering osmotic balance and influencing the direction of water movement. This could lead to changes in the osmotic gradient, affecting how water flows between the two compartments.