Table of contents

1. Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology5h 43m
2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components12h 36m
3. Energy & Cell Processes10h 6m
4. Tissues & Histology10h 3m
5. Integumentary System2h 20m
6. Bones & Skeletal Tissue2h 16m
7. The Skeletal System2h 35m
8. Joints2h 17m
9. Muscle Tissue2h 33m
10. Muscles1h 11m
11. Nervous Tissue and Nervous System1h 35m
12. The Central Nervous System1h 6m
- Introduction to the Central Nervous System
  18m
- The Cerebrum
  48m
13. The Peripheral Nervous System1h 26m
14. The Autonomic Nervous System1h 38m
15. The Special Senses2h 41m
16. The Endocrine System2h 48m
17. The Blood3h 22m
18. The Heart3h 42m
19. The Blood Vessels3h 35m
20. The Lymphatic System3h 16m
21. The Immune System14h 37m
22. The Respiratory System3h 20m
23. The Digestive System2h 5m
24. Metabolism and Nutrition4h 0m
25. The Urinary System2h 39m
26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance37m
27. The Reproductive System2h 5m
28. Human Development1h 21m
29. Heredity3h 32m

3. Energy & Cell Processes

Electron Transport Chain

Anatomy & Physiology

3. Energy & Cell Processes

Electron Transport Chain

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Multiple Choice

Most of the electrons removed from glucose by cellular respiration are used for which of the following processes?

Reducing NAD⁺ to NADH in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle

Producing a proton gradient for ATP synthesis in the mitochondria

Driving substrate-level phosphorylation in glycolysis

The second and third answers are correct.

The first two choices are correct.

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Verified step by step guidance

Begin by understanding the process of cellular respiration, which involves breaking down glucose to produce ATP, the energy currency of the cell.

Recognize that during cellular respiration, electrons are removed from glucose molecules. These electrons are transferred to electron carriers such as NAD+ and FAD, converting them to NADH and FADH2.

In glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, NAD+ is reduced to NADH as it accepts electrons. This is a crucial step because NADH carries electrons to the electron transport chain.

In the mitochondria, NADH and FADH2 donate electrons to the electron transport chain, which is a series of protein complexes. As electrons move through the chain, they help pump protons across the mitochondrial membrane, creating a proton gradient.

The proton gradient generated by the electron transport chain is used by ATP synthase to produce ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate. This process is known as oxidative phosphorylation, and it is the primary method of ATP production in cellular respiration.