Table of contents

1. Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology5h 43m
2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components12h 36m
3. Energy & Cell Processes10h 6m
4. Tissues & Histology10h 3m
5. Integumentary System2h 20m
6. Bones & Skeletal Tissue2h 16m
7. The Skeletal System2h 35m
8. Joints2h 17m
9. Muscle Tissue2h 33m
10. Muscles1h 11m
11. Nervous Tissue and Nervous System1h 35m
12. The Central Nervous System1h 6m
- Introduction to the Central Nervous System
  18m
- The Cerebrum
  48m
13. The Peripheral Nervous System1h 26m
14. The Autonomic Nervous System1h 38m
15. The Special Senses2h 41m
16. The Endocrine System2h 48m
17. The Blood3h 22m
18. The Heart3h 42m
19. The Blood Vessels3h 35m
20. The Lymphatic System3h 16m
21. The Immune System14h 37m
22. The Respiratory System3h 20m
23. The Digestive System2h 5m
24. Metabolism and Nutrition4h 0m
25. The Urinary System2h 39m
26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance37m
27. The Reproductive System2h 5m
28. Human Development1h 21m
29. Heredity3h 32m

28. Human Development

Introduction to Human Development

Anatomy & Physiology

28. Human Development

Introduction to Human Development

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Problem 12

Textbook Question

List the factors involved in initiating labor contractions.

Verified step by step guidance

Understand that labor contractions are initiated by a complex interplay of hormonal, mechanical, and neural factors. These factors work together to prepare the uterus for childbirth.

Recognize the role of oxytocin, a hormone released by the posterior pituitary gland. Oxytocin stimulates uterine contractions and increases the sensitivity of the uterus to further contractions.

Identify the role of prostaglandins, which are produced by the placenta and uterine tissues. Prostaglandins help soften and thin the cervix (cervical ripening) and enhance uterine contractions.

Consider the mechanical factor of uterine stretching. As the fetus grows, the uterus stretches, which can trigger the release of oxytocin and prostaglandins, further promoting contractions.

Understand the role of fetal signals, such as the release of cortisol by the fetal adrenal glands. Cortisol influences the production of estrogen and prostaglandins, which are critical for initiating labor.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Hormonal Changes

Hormonal changes play a crucial role in initiating labor contractions. Key hormones such as oxytocin and prostaglandins increase in concentration as the body prepares for labor. Oxytocin stimulates uterine contractions, while prostaglandins help to soften the cervix, making it more conducive for labor to begin.

Fetal Signals

The fetus also contributes to the initiation of labor through various signals. As the fetus grows and reaches full term, it produces hormones that signal the mother’s body to start labor. These signals can include the release of cortisol, which helps to trigger the production of prostaglandins and the onset of contractions.

Physical Changes in the Body

Physical changes in the body, such as cervical ripening and uterine stretching, are essential for initiating labor contractions. As the pregnancy progresses, the cervix begins to soften and thin out, while the uterus stretches to accommodate the growing fetus. These changes create the necessary conditions for contractions to begin and facilitate the labor process.