Table of contents

1. Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology5h 43m
2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components12h 36m
3. Energy & Cell Processes10h 6m
4. Tissues & Histology10h 3m
5. Integumentary System2h 20m
6. Bones & Skeletal Tissue2h 16m
7. The Skeletal System2h 35m
8. Joints2h 17m
9. Muscle Tissue2h 33m
10. Muscles1h 11m
11. Nervous Tissue and Nervous System1h 35m
12. The Central Nervous System1h 6m
- Introduction to the Central Nervous System
  18m
- The Cerebrum
  48m
13. The Peripheral Nervous System1h 26m
14. The Autonomic Nervous System1h 38m
15. The Special Senses2h 41m
16. The Endocrine System2h 48m
17. The Blood3h 22m
18. The Heart3h 42m
19. The Blood Vessels3h 35m
20. The Lymphatic System3h 16m
21. The Immune System14h 37m
22. The Respiratory System3h 20m
23. The Digestive System2h 5m
24. Metabolism and Nutrition4h 0m
25. The Urinary System2h 39m
26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance37m
27. The Reproductive System2h 5m
28. Human Development1h 21m
29. Heredity3h 32m

2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components

pH Scale

Anatomy & Physiology

2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components

pH Scale

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Problem 3

Textbook Question

Measurements show that the pH of a particular lake is 4.0. What is the hydrogen ion concentration of the lake?a. 4.0 Mb. 10−10Mc. 10−4Md. 104M

Verified step by step guidance

Understand that pH is a measure of the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution, defined as pH = -\log_{10}[H^+].

Given that the pH of the lake is 4.0, set up the equation: 4.0 = -\log_{10}[H^+].

To find the hydrogen ion concentration [H^+], rewrite the equation in exponential form: [H^+] = 10^{-4.0}.

Recognize that the expression 10^{-4.0} represents the hydrogen ion concentration in moles per liter (M).

Compare the calculated hydrogen ion concentration with the given options to identify the correct answer.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

pH Scale

The pH scale measures the acidity or alkalinity of a solution, ranging from 0 to 14. A pH of 7 is neutral, while values below 7 indicate acidity and above 7 indicate alkalinity. Each unit change in pH represents a tenfold change in hydrogen ion concentration, making it crucial for understanding the relationship between pH and ion concentration.

Hydrogen Ion Concentration

Hydrogen ion concentration, expressed in moles per liter (M), quantifies the amount of H+ ions in a solution. It is directly related to pH, where the formula [H+] = 10^(-pH) allows for the calculation of hydrogen ion concentration from pH values. For example, a pH of 4.0 corresponds to a hydrogen ion concentration of 10^(-4) M.

Logarithmic Relationship

The relationship between pH and hydrogen ion concentration is logarithmic, meaning that small changes in pH result in significant changes in H+ concentration. This is important for calculations involving pH, as it requires understanding that each unit decrease in pH increases the hydrogen ion concentration by a factor of ten, which is essential for solving the given question.