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1. Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology5h 43m
2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components12h 36m
3. Energy & Cell Processes10h 6m
4. Tissues & Histology10h 3m
5. Integumentary System2h 20m
6. Bones & Skeletal Tissue2h 16m
7. The Skeletal System2h 35m
8. Joints2h 17m
9. Muscle Tissue2h 33m
10. Muscles1h 11m
11. Nervous Tissue and Nervous System1h 35m
12. The Central Nervous System1h 6m
- Introduction to the Central Nervous System
  18m
- The Cerebrum
  48m
13. The Peripheral Nervous System1h 26m
14. The Autonomic Nervous System1h 38m
15. The Special Senses2h 41m
16. The Endocrine System2h 48m
17. The Blood3h 22m
18. The Heart3h 42m
19. The Blood Vessels3h 35m
20. The Lymphatic System3h 16m
21. The Immune System14h 37m
22. The Respiratory System3h 20m
23. The Digestive System2h 5m
24. Metabolism and Nutrition4h 0m
25. The Urinary System2h 39m
26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance37m
27. The Reproductive System2h 5m
28. Human Development1h 21m
29. Heredity3h 32m

2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components

pH Scale

Anatomy & Physiology

2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components

pH Scale

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1:14 minutes

Problem 7

Textbook Question

A can of cola consists mostly of sugar dissolved in water, with some carbon dioxide gas that makes it fizzy and makes the pH less than 7. In chemical terms, you could say that cola is an aqueous solution where water is the _____ , sugar is a _ , and carbon dioxide makes the solution _____ .a. solvent . . . solute . . . basicb. solute . . . solvent . . . basicc. solvent . . . solute . . . acidicd. solute . . . solvent . . . acidic

Verified step by step guidance

Identify the role of water in the solution: In an aqueous solution, water is typically the solvent, the substance in which other materials dissolve.

Determine the role of sugar: Sugar is dissolved in the water, making it the solute, the substance that is dissolved in the solvent.

Consider the effect of carbon dioxide: Carbon dioxide, when dissolved in water, forms carbonic acid, which lowers the pH of the solution, making it acidic.

Review the options provided: Match the identified roles of water, sugar, and carbon dioxide with the options given.

Select the correct option: Choose the option where water is the solvent, sugar is the solute, and carbon dioxide makes the solution acidic.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Aqueous Solution

An aqueous solution is a solution in which water is the solvent. In this context, it means that the primary component of the cola is water, which dissolves other substances. Understanding this concept is crucial because it helps identify the roles of different components in the solution, such as solutes and their effects on properties like pH.

Solvent and Solute

In a solution, the solvent is the substance that dissolves the solute, which is the substance being dissolved. In cola, water acts as the solvent, while sugar and carbon dioxide are solutes. Recognizing the distinction between these terms is essential for accurately filling in the blanks in the question and understanding the composition of solutions.

pH and Acidity

pH is a measure of how acidic or basic a solution is, with values below 7 indicating acidity. In the case of cola, the presence of carbon dioxide contributes to its acidic nature, lowering the pH. Understanding pH is important for interpreting the chemical properties of solutions and determining the correct classification of cola in the question.

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Multiple Choice

A solution at pH 6 contains __________ than the same amount of solution at pH 8.

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Measurements show that the pH of a particular lake is 4.0. What is the hydrogen ion concentration of the lake?a. 4.0 Mb. 10−10Mc. 10−4Md. 104M

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What is the hydroxide ion concentration of the lake described in question 3?a. 10−10Mb. 10−4Mc. 10−7Md. 10.0 M

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A solution at pH 6 contains _________ H+ than the same amount of a solution at pH 8.a. 20 times moreb. 100 times morec. 2 times lessd. 100 times less

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If you were given a solution that has a pH of 8.5, what would be its concentration of protons? What is the difference in proton concentration between this solution and one that has a pH of 7?

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Textbook Question

A recent experimental study looked at the combined effects of ocean acidification and increased ocean temperatures, both aspects of climate change, on the growth of polyps, juvenile coral animals. Researchers reported the average polyp biomass (in μg/polyp) after 42 days of growth under four treatments: a control with pH and temperature maintained close to normal reef conditions, a pH lowered by 0.2 units, a temperature raised by 1°C, and a combined lower pH and higher temperature. The results showed that polyp biomass was reduced somewhat in both the low-pH and high-temperature treatments, but the combined treatment resulted in a reduction in growth by almost a third—a statistically significant result. Experiments often look at the effects of changing one variable at a time, while keeping all other variables constant. Explain why this experiment considered two variables—both a higher temperature and a lower pH—at the same time.

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Multiple Choice

Buffers are substances that help resist shifts in pH by:

Explain how buffer systems in the body work if the pH of body fluids increases. Is this an example of a negative or a positive feedback loop? Explain.

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