Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.
b. The distal tubule reabsorbs sodium ions and secretes potassium and hydrogen ions in response to ADH.

Which is reabsorbed by the proximal convoluted tubule cells?

a. Na⁺

b. K⁺

c. Amino acids

d. All of the above

Two physiology students are having a disagreement about renal function. Dan says that the kidneys work harder when you eat a high-salt diet, whereas Peter says that they work harder when you drink lots of water. Who is right, and why?

Trace the pathway a uric acid molecule takes from a glomerulus to the urethra. Name every gross or microscopic structure it passes through on its journey.

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

a. Sodium ions and glucose are cotransported into the proximal tubule cell by secondary active transport.

Dilute urine is produced when decreased levels of______ are secreted.

a. Aldosterone

b. Atrial natriuretic peptide

c. ADH

d. None of the above

The kidneys produce _____ urine when the osmolarity of the body's fluids increases. They produce _____ urine when the osmolarity of the body's fluids decreases.

Trace the pathway taken by a molecule of urea through the kidney from the glomerulus to the renal pelvis if the urea is recycled.

Why must the kidneys establish a concentration gradient in the interstitial fluid of the renal medulla in order to produce concentrated urine?