Trace the pathway a uric acid molecule takes from a glomerulus to the urethra. Name every gross or microscopic structure it passes through on its journey.

Tubular reabsorption

a. Of glucose and many other substances is a T_m - limited active transport process

b. Of chloride is always linked to the passive transport of Na⁺

c. Is the movement of substances from the blood into the nephron

d. Of sodium occurs only in the proximal tubule

Glucose is not normally found in the urine because it

a. Does not pass through the walls of the glomerulus

b. Is kept in the blood by colloid osmotic pressure

c. Is reabsorbed by the tubule cells

d. Is removed by the body cells before the blood reaches the kidney

Which is reabsorbed by the proximal convoluted tubule cells?

a. Na⁺

b. K⁺

c. Amino acids

d. All of the above

Two physiology students are having a disagreement about renal function. Dan says that the kidneys work harder when you eat a high-salt diet, whereas Peter says that they work harder when you drink lots of water. Who is right, and why?

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

a. Sodium ions and glucose are cotransported into the proximal tubule cell by secondary active transport.

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

b. The distal tubule reabsorbs sodium ions and secretes potassium and hydrogen ions in response to ADH.

Dilute urine is produced when decreased levels of______ are secreted.

a. Aldosterone

b. Atrial natriuretic peptide

c. ADH

d. None of the above

The kidneys produce _____ urine when the osmolarity of the body's fluids increases. They produce _____ urine when the osmolarity of the body's fluids decreases.