Textbook Question
Explain why alcoholics are likely to have much more smooth ER than teetotalers.
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Ch. 3 Cells: The Living Units
Marieb, Hoehn7th EditionHuman Anatomy & PhysiologyISBN: 9780805359091
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 The Human Body: An Orientation24
- Ch. 2 Chemistry Comes Alive25
- Ch. 3 Cells: The Living Units24
- Ch. 4 Tissue: The Living Fabric19
- Ch. 5 The Integumentary System10
- Ch. 6 Bones and Skeletal Tissues19
- Ch. 7 The Skeleton11
- Ch. 8 Joints7
- Ch. 9 Muscles and Muscle Tissue26
- Ch. 10 The Muscular System26
- Ch. 11 Fundamentals of the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue23
- Ch. 12 The Central Nervous System26
- Ch. 13 The Peripheral Nervous System and Reflex Activity28
- Ch. 14 The Autonomic Nervous System18
- Ch. 16 The Endocrine System26
- Ch. 17 Blood27
- Ch. 18 The Cardiovascular System: The Heart22
- Ch. 19 The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels27
- Ch. 20 The Lymphatic System and Lymphoid Organs and Tissues16
- Ch. 21 The Immune System: Innate and Adaptive Body Defenses29
- Ch. 22 The Respiratory System20
- Ch. 23 The Digestive System30
- Ch. 24 Nutrition, Metabolism, and Energy Balance26
- Ch. 25 The Urinary System25
- Ch. 26 Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance24
- Ch. 27 The Reproductive System23
Marieb, Hoehn7th EditionHuman Anatomy & PhysiologyISBN: 9780805359091Not the one you use?Change textbook
Chapter 3, Problem 23
Dynein is missing from the cilia and flagella of individuals with a specific inherited disorder. These individuals have severe respiratory problems and, if males, are sterile. What is the structural connection between these two symptoms?
Verified step by step guidance1
Step 1: Understand the role of dynein in cilia and flagella. Dynein is a motor protein responsible for the bending movement of cilia and flagella by causing microtubule sliding within their axoneme structure.
Step 2: Recognize that cilia line the respiratory tract and help move mucus and trapped particles out of the lungs, which is essential for respiratory health and preventing infections.
Step 3: Note that flagella are responsible for the motility of sperm cells, enabling them to swim towards the egg for fertilization.
Step 4: Connect the absence of dynein to impaired motility of both cilia and flagella, leading to ineffective mucus clearance in the respiratory tract (causing respiratory problems) and immotile sperm (causing male sterility).
Step 5: Conclude that the structural connection is the shared axonemal structure of cilia and flagella, which relies on dynein for movement; thus, dynein deficiency affects both respiratory cilia and sperm flagella, causing the observed symptoms.
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Key Concepts
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Role of Dynein in Cilia and Flagella
Dynein is a motor protein essential for the movement of cilia and flagella. It generates sliding forces between microtubules, enabling these organelles to beat and produce motion. Without dynein, cilia and flagella become immotile, impairing their biological functions.
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Cilia & Flagella
Function of Cilia in Respiratory Health
Cilia line the respiratory tract and help clear mucus and trapped particles by coordinated beating. When cilia lack dynein and cannot move, mucus accumulates, leading to respiratory problems such as infections and impaired lung function.
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03:14Cilia & Flagella
Role of Flagella in Male Fertility
The flagellum of sperm cells propels them toward the egg for fertilization. Dynein-driven movement is critical for sperm motility. Without functional dynein, sperm flagella cannot move properly, causing male infertility.
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03:14Cilia & Flagella
Related Practice
Textbook Question
Fresh water is a precious natural resource in Florida and it is said that supplies are dwindling. Desalinizing (removing salt from) ocean water has been recommended as a solution to the problem. Why shouldn't we drink salt water?
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Textbook Question
Cell division typically yields two daughter cells, each with one nucleus. How is the occasional binucleate condition of liver cells explained?
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Textbook Question
In their anatomy lab, many students are exposed to the chemical preservatives phenol, formaldehyde, and alcohol. Our cells break down these toxins very effectively. What cellular organelle is responsible for this?
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Textbook Question
A 'red-hot' bacterial infection of the intestinal tract irritates the intestinal cells and interferes with digestion. Such a condition is often accompanied by diarrhea, which causes loss of body water. On the basis of what you have learned about osmotic water flows, explain why diarrhea may occur.
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